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GORRESPONDENGE. B@-We do not hold ourselves responsible in any way for the views or opinions expressed by our correspondents. It is our desire that all tides of any question affecting the interests or welfare of the lake ma- rine should be fairly represented in Tux Marine Recorp. ———— WHERE GAS BUOYS ARE NEEDED. To the Editor of The Marine Record: Now that a number of gas buoys are to be placed on the lakes the question arises as to the locality in which their location would do the most good to the greatest number. In my opinion there is no place on the lakes that requires a light so much as the southeast point of North Manitou, Lake Michigan, and I would suggest that a gas buoy be placed there till such time as the government sees fit to build a lighthouse on that point. No 2. Now that there isavery large and growing trade between Lakes Superior and Michigan the plac- ing of Number 2 on Martin’s Reef, Lake Huron, would be next of importance to marine men. Another place that has been the scene of many ex- pensive wrecks is Gull Island Reef, on which the steamer Escanaba stranded. In my opinion it should be marked by gas buoy No. 3. ™he southeast shoal of Point au Pelee, Lake Erie, is ‘a dangerous place for all deep draft boats and would bea good place for No. 4 till such time as the Canadian government takes action in locating it, On the head of the Middle Ground just below Point Iroquois, Lake Superior, would be a good position for No. 5. Seneca and Waverly Shoals, Lake Erie, near Buffalo, would be good places tor Nos. 6 and 7. I would like to hear the views of others on this sub- ject. “My views are pretty broad, as I have taken in all the upper lakes. Respectfully yours, H. ZEALAND Port moles May 25. oe THE RHUMB LINE CON- TROVERSY. To the Editor of The Marine Record: I have read in your issue cf the 7th inst. a communication from Capt. Pearsons, of Fer- rysburg, Mich., entitled ‘How Many Rhumb Lines?’’ in which he asserts definitely that there are two kinds of rhumb lines. In order that this erroneous impression may not become current among vesselmen, fourteen definitions of the meaning of the term rhumb line are here presented from standard authorities. If Capt. Pearsons can name any authority (besides himself) who recognizes more than one kind of rhumb- line, or any kind of rhumbline besides the one referred to in all the following definitions, the writer wonld be glad to hear of it. Very respectfully, Washington, May 23. G. W. L. Rhumb, In navigation, the track of a ship sailing on acertain course. A rhumb line cuts all the meridians at the same angle, and when this angle is acute the rhumb is a species of spherical spiral, continually ap- proaching the pole, but reaching it only after an infinite number of turns. The angle under which a rhumb line cuts any meridian is called the angle of the rhumb, and the angle that it makes with the prime vertical at any point is called the complement of the rhumb. The pro- jection of a rhumb on the plane of the equator isa logarithmic spiral.—Johnson’s Universal Cyclopedia. RhumbLine, 'The curve described upon the terrestrial spheroid by a ship sailing on one course that is always in the same direction relative to the north point.—Cen- tury Dictionary. RhumbLine. Aline which cuts the meridians ata con- stant angle;, the loxodromic curve; the equiangular spiral—Hamersley’s Naval. Encyclopedia, Page 692. RhumbLine, Choose a point of land, or assume a posi- tion, say 51° 45’ N. and 55°10’ W. Aline drawn ona chart of the Atlantic from the ship’s position to the above will roughly indicate the course usually steered THE MARINE RECORD. which is a rhumb line cutting all the meridians at the same angle, and forming on the globe a spiral curve towards the pole.—Encyclopedia Britannica, Naviga- tion, Page 266. RhumbLine, The curve on the earth’s surface which cuts all the meridians at the same angle. ‘The rhumb- line is also called the ‘‘Equiangular Spiral,’ and the “‘T,oxodromic Curve.”’ It is the track used ordinarly in navigation, for although it has the disadvantage of not being the shortest distance between two places, it possesses the advantage of not requiring the navigator to alter his course, and it is represented by a straight line on the Mercator chart.—Glossary of Navigation, Rev. J. B. Harbord, M. A. Rhumb Line. A line which makes the same angle with each successive meridian is called a loxodromic curve; in old nautical works, a rhumb line; more com- monly, the ship’s track. —Navigation and Nautical As- tronomy by J. H. C. Coffin, Professor of Astronomy, Navigation and Surveying, United States Naval Academy. Rhumb Line. The Mercator projection, so-called, may be said to result from the development, upon a plane, of a cylinder tangent to the earth along the equator, the various points of the earth’s surface having been pro- jected upon the cylinder in such a manner as to satisfy the following condition: That the loxodrome, or ship’s track on the surface of the sea under a constant bear ing, shall appear on the development as a right line preserving the same angle of bearing with respect to the meridians intersected by it as that of the ship’s track.—Projection Tables, U. S. Navy, Edition of 1869. NEW ORE DOCK AT DULUTH—DULUTH, MISSABE & NORTHERN RAILWAY. Rhumb Line, 'The track of the ship while preserving the same angle with all the meridians as she crosses them in succession is called the rhumb line.—Practice of Navigation, Raper. Rhumb Line, 'The track of a ship when the course is uniform makes equal angles with each meridian and is called the loxodromic curve or rhumb line.—Notes on Navigation and the Determination of Meridian Dis- tances, U. S. Naval Academy, 1882. khumb Line. Mercator’s Projection. Any straight line on the chart represents a rhumb line and-indicates a particular mutual bearing of two places so connected. On the sphere such a line is known as a loxodromic curve, and it possesses the property of cutting the mer- idians at equal angles.—United States Coast and Geo- detic Survey Report for 1880, Appendix No. 15, Page 6. khumb Line. ‘The curved line which joins any two places on the earth’s surface, cutting the intermediate meridians at the same angle, is called a rhumb line. loxodromic curve, or equiangular spiral.—American Practical Navigator, Nathaniel Bowditch, Ll. D. Re- vised by order of the Bureau of Navigation, Navy De- partment. khumb Line, A rhumb line is a curve on the earth’s surface. cutting every meridian it meets at the same angle.—Theory and Practice of Navigation, by Henry Evers, LL. D. Rhumb Line, A rhumb-line is a curved line on the earth’s surface which cuts all the meridians which it, crosses at the same angle; this is therefore the track described by a ship while she continues to sail on the same true course, and the length of this rhumb line called the distance sailed.—Treatise on Navigation, Pryde. isithoo. Rhumb Line. The course of a vessel which cuts all the. meridians at the same angle; called also the es curve.—Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary. s [We think Capt. Pearsons really meant, in the com- munication referred to, that there are two methods of maintaining, projecting, or conceiving a rhumb-line, according as one uses it on magnetic courses. It has been remarked, since the last letter of Capt. Pearsons was printed, that he seems to want a chart issued fora purpose for which it never was intended. Whether this e be true or not the chart. should be considered as a con- venience, or instrumentality, wherewith to practice the art of navigation. It is not a proper adjunct whereon to print theories of navigation, which can be more con- veniently published in separate form, without danger of confusing results. It is assumed in issuing the chart to navigators, that they are sufficiently familar with the art to use the chart properly after noting its simple di- rections for measuring courses and distances.—Ep. ] rr A NOTABLE ORE DOCK. The accompanying illustration shows a view of the new ore dock No. 2, of the Duluth, Misabe & Northern Railway at Duluth, Minn. The old dock No. 1is shown : at the right,in which only the ore chutes can be seen. In the background the high trestle approach to th docks from the railway may be seen. The new dock is 1,152 feet long, 52 feet wide and 5/7 feet 8% inches high above water. ‘There are 192 pockets, with a capacity of 180 tons of ore per pocket, making’ in all a capacity of 34,560 tons. ‘The illustration was taken before the com- pletion of the work and shows the method of construction and framing of the structure, for which the American Steel Barge Co., are now furnish- ing the chutes. We are in debted to the Railway Re- view, Pee for the illus ‘ tration. é e —_—- The United States Steam ship Michigan will be placed at the disposal of the Michi- gan Naval Reserves for use in July. The Detroit’ Divi- sion will have her for a week, and then the Saginaw Divi- sion will make a trip to Mack- inaw. The Michigan is now equipped with two six-pound Hotchkiss and two six pound Driggs-Schroeder guns, beside a number of the Hee kiss rapid-fire guns. . SPs eS rete: ‘ VISIBLE SUPPLY OF GRAIN. re As compiled for THE MARINE RECORD by George F.. Stone, Secretary Chicago Board of Trade, May 28 1896: Pe 2 BARLEY WHEAT. CORN oats, RYE, pein na ae A Bushels. | Bushels. Bysher: Bushels, | Bushels, — Albany ... Pest sobestencne 25.000 75,000]... 4: Baltimore 724,000 447.000 184,000 “26, 000) . Boston ,. 265,000 184 000 6.000 3 Buffalo, =e .e.| 1,249,000} 325,000 292,000} 182,000 “116;600. : fie: BH Oat res acc wiecall stele Sata Ome na Sugeisicce gon lSas's sit aiec | anleaieanann Chicago popes aaa 15 023,000} 3.500,000) - 1,576,000 368,000 10,000 $$) QHOAC, oe sage ccf ce bere vewce |e eenccade| sopsiedeges Serre Perr yc Cincinnati, .. 9,000 2,000 28,000 1.000 26,000 Detroitti an Fase ee 166,000 16,000 14,000) ...0. 2... 2,000. te afloatys) sess + inie eigisinsb nil a.« aiasoscie ssl yalaiet atetgian ah he eaters oma tematic ie) Duluth and cae 8,485,000)........-. - 167, 171,000} - 192,000 $43 atlOatl siete c's aes . erlece ea ee| cote ec ccces tance spent 40,000 13,000) ....0 cece leeceaceees see eeeeee” Kansas City, 2..0..7.7 1,080,000. 67,900 32,000 29,000) w.00 nae Milwaukee,, zai 567,000 2000 ete ceca 379.000 a afidat Pe a, Daa ee ode. Seal allals aartoeoul Paka Minneapolis é 17, 467 “000 64.000 518,000 81 000 Montreal, 474,000 34,000 413,000 6.000 5, 1,467,000 1,569,000 109,000]. .....65 : 187,000 8,000 20,000 Padua fscarscein ood 14.000} ....... 127,000 2,000].... cin Philadelphia ......... 285,000 42.000 189,000) oo. sc se clon eminieeie St, Louis. 699,000 216 000 34,000 1,000] cisid cp storm tie atlanta ciacue lances mgt 4 (ine cals |ease;siacios's [jsesielecnes ell iets ean ROveCOn shoes cecomere 855,000 98,000 17,000 106, 1) PEAR ae tt eH OaE ye ciaas | c oeareiege wile exe duce salient 939 5.09 abi oasis ae Toronto ..... 30,000 17,000)" 93, 000]: ewcerc nates 5 OniCanal. ot 2ocKs 1,544,000 60,000) 1,401,000 77,000]... 106. On Makeas) oitesccae 917,000} 1,270,000 711,000 80,000) 334, On Mississippi........ 148,000} 128,000 82,000). [555 02. ING tea Grand Total,......... 51,298,000] 7,990,000] 7,615,000} 1,526,000} * 941,000 ‘ Corresponding. date : a 1895.20... SRE 54,244,000] 8,978,000] 7,890,000} . 187,000} 145,000