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10 GORRESPONDENGE. 8@-We do not hold ourselves responsible in any way for the views or opinions expressed by our correspondents. It is our desire that all cides of any question affecting the interests or welfare of the lake ma- rine should be fairly represented in Tz Marine Recorp. MECHANICS THAT ARE NOT MECHANICS. To the Editor of The Marine Record: In the last issue of the MARINE RECORD there ap- peared on Page 6 an article on steel shafts, copied from Engineering Mechanic. he article referred to is in- tended to give some valuable information on the subject of steel shafts, but in fact it gives anything but that. It first says, ‘‘the fact that steel shafts break from the outside instead of the inside goes against the microscop- ical examination of minute bits of interior of the shaft.”’ What this means it would be impossible to say without the aid of some diagram, or a key to what the writer of the above had in his mind when he wrote that supposed piece of information. The uninitiated would naturally conclude from reading this part of the article that the breakage of steel shafts occurred in some peculiar or mysterious manner, different from a plain every-day kind of a break; and in order to determine whether it proke from the outside in or inside out, the engineer would have to gather up minute bits of the interior of the shaft and see if they went against the microscopical examination. What information a practical man could get out of such a proceeding would be very micro- scopical indeed. : Second, it says, ‘‘one steamship engineer who had put n 110 steel shafts in 14 years, one of which has run 1,000,000 miles and was ’ for its reliability in the matter of news. THE MARINE RECORD. NE —————— casting should be ruined by annealing the author does ‘not attempt to make clear. Sixth, it says: ‘‘One eminent engineer declares the proper way to make a steel shaft is with the hydraulic press.”’? Undoubtedly this is a correct view to take, and it is equally true in forging iron shafts as well. By this method of forging it is insured that the mass is worked through to its centre, and ‘the benefit derived from such a method of forging is obvious. And finally it says, ‘‘just what fatigue in metal means in a chemical and a mechanical sense is hard to deter- mine.’”? What the writer of this means is equally hard to determine, as we understand the fatigue of any metal refers to the amount of work it willstand and the number of vibrations that can take place before the shaft will break. ‘The fatigue can not have anything to do with the chemical composition of the shaft farther than to regulate the selection of the proportions that experience has shown to be the best. While the fatigue of the metal in a mechanical sense is plain, the amount of fatigue any shaft, whether steel or iron, will stand be- fore giving way is not possible to determine, as the amount of fatigue any two shafts will stand, forged and worked under the same conditions, will not be the same. But the life can best be extended by a careful designing of the original machine, and by a judicious selection of the best materials that can be properly worked to withstand the greatest fatigue. At the pres- ent time the metal that can withstand (when properly worked) the greatest fatigue is steel. x * % SHOULD BE CORRECTED. To the Editor of The Marine Record: I have always been an admirer of your valuable paper A contempor- still good, did not take any interest in tke TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL NOTES. ; The Babcock & Wilcox Co. announce that on July 1 they will consolidate their Canadian sales department with their general sales department at New York City. — No change will be made in the manufacturing depart- ment, and the Canadian shops will be maintained, and all boilers built there as at present. Mr. Wm. T. Bon- ner, resident manager at Montreal for nearly two years — past, will remove to Atlanta, Ga., after closing up the — Montreal office, having been appointed manager for the same company’s south-eas‘ern territory. Although this district comprises but six states, North Carolina, Ten- nessee, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Florida, | the total area of which is but little larger than the Province of Quebec, the population is double that of the entire Dominion of Canada. The steam yacht Kanawha, designed and built by Charles L. Seabury & Co., Nyack, for John P. Duncan, had her official trial trip Tuesday. The guaranteed speed in contract was 16 miles per hour for three con- - secutive hours over a measured course, and without the least trouble she attained a speed of 17 miles per hour for the time mentioned, everything working to perfec- tion. The engine is a Seabury design triple-expansion, and the boiler of Seabury’s latest improved type. The principal dimensions of the Kanawha are 140 feet over all, 115 feet water line, 17 feet beam, 7 feet draft. Capt. William A. Miller is incharge. Chief engineer is John Vinal. The Kanawha was described and illus-— trated in THE RECORD of March 26. a The Illinois Steel Co. has declared a dividend of 1% per cent upon its capital stock of $18,650, 635. The officers of the company report its condition much better than it was at any time last year. The strike has had microscope.’? Now what is to be under- little if any effect upon the company- stood from this, farther than that a shaft, —— whether steel or iron, that had run the 2 so far. This second dividend of 1% per cent comes within four months of the above number of miles must be an excep- Fae; tionally good one. The subject throws no light on the seemingly puzzling ques- ff tion whether the shaft breaks from the outside in or inside out, or what was at fault in the matter, Tnird, it says farther, that ‘‘naval en- gineers in England, who have been go- ff ing over the whole question, think break- f& age is generally due to fatigue, 4 correct ‘ti view, because steel has nerves just the same as human beings.’’ What do we learn from this more than that when a shaft breaks it does so simply because that when overloaded and under long continuous vibrations it gives way, which is a theory that almost anyone can un- “erstand and need not be shrouded in mystery? S Fourth, it says, ‘‘some engineers still favor boring out shafts in order to take away that part containing defects in casting, but this is not a general rule, be- cause often the best part of the steel is toward the cen- ter of the shaft and not on the outside. In cooling off a steel casting, the sulphur and carbon collects in the center of the shaft, and not on the outside.’’ Now, if the defects are at the center of the shaft, how is it pos- sible that that is the best part? And if the defects are at the center, what objections could be made to its re- moval? If the carbon and sulphur collect in the center no objection should be made to their removals. While, in fact, its carbon may vary according to the purpose to which the forging will finally be applied, its phosphor- ous and sulphur should not exceed 0.04 per cent, in order that the metal should be sufficiently worked to give it strength and toughness, the two important elements re- quired to withstand the greatest an.ount of fatigue. The true reason why the center of the shaft in all cases is not removed is that it adds largely to the cost, so much so that the additional expense is not warranted except in special casts. Fifth, it continues, ‘‘forgings need annealing just as castings do, but if steel were put in an annealing fur- nace it would be ruined.’’ Now, why this contradiction? If itis necessary to anneal a steel forging (and it is) that strains set up in forging may be reduced, and all important and intricate steel castings should be an- nealed to reduce the internal strains produced by the melting and cooling of the metal. Just why a steel preceding one, which was the first divi- dend paid in months. The Detroit Lubricator Co. has issued am = DA a pamphlet descriptive of a full line of = GRAIN HANDLING PLANT AT COLOGNE, GERMANY. ary of yourson June 11th published an elaborate picture of the Hoyt and barges,saying this steamer’s barges were ashore during the past week on Chequamegon Point. The Hoyt was not within 400 miles of Chequamegon Point when those barges were ashore. Will you do me the favor to waken those people up, and let them know that they are not so nautical as they think? MASTER OF Hoyt. Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., June 23. EEE ee —e Ee GRAIN HANDLING PLANT AT COLOGNE. We give herewith, by courtesy of the American Ele- vator and Grain Trade, Chicago, an illustration of an ornate structure at Cologne, Germany, which some of our readers may think was built for a temple; but they are mistaken. It was built for just what it is now used for—a grain storage and handling plant. The principal part shown is the towers and the con- veyor gallery. The marine leg is at work unloading a scow on the River Rhine. The plant is the property of the Cologne Grain Storage Co., and was erected by G. Luther. ‘The marine leg isdriven by a gasengine. The. grain warehouse is 270 feet from the quay. It has forty bins, with anaggregate capacity of about 115,000 bushels. The elevating capacity is 40 tons, or 1,350 bushels per hour. Warehouses where grain is stored on the floor are attached. ‘These houses have room for 2,500 tons, making the total storage capacity 6,000 tons, or 200,000 bushels. -_-_- 0 ~ The Menominee vessel loaders’ union has raised the price of loading lumber to 50c per hour. . globe and radiator valves, including — quick-opening steam valves. These lat- ter are-new, and sectional views are given that will prove interesting. A baby liquid compass that pleases in size, price and performance, is the latest — thing out for small yachts and canoes. = Itis supplied by T-S. & J. D. Negus, 140 — Water Street, New York. _ ee ee THE LIBRARY TABLE Mr. W. Bell Dawson, C. K., in charge — of the government survey of tides and — currents in Canadian waters, has issued another com- prehensive report of his progress, which is full of the most interesting data concerning the peculiar features of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. tS The Yale Scientific Monthly for June contains an- other interesting and thoroughly instructive article from the pen of Mr. H. S. Pickands, entitled “Auxiliary — Naval Machinery,” dealing particularly with the steer- — ing engine, search-light, towing machines, adjustable propellers, new types of anchors, and the use of Pintsch gas buoys. It is accompanied with illustrations of the Rushmore search light and Globe steam steerer. Marion Crawford give the third of his papers in : Rome in the July Century, and also the third and con- cluding paper of Prof. James Bryce’s “Impressions of South Africa.’”” Mme. Campan is the writer of hitherto y unpublished history regarding the marriage and execu- tion of Marshal Ney. The frontispiece of the numberis _ a portrait of Bulow, the pianist, concerning whom one of his pupils, Bernard Boekelman, writes a series of reminiscences. Harper’s for July will open with a paper by Woodrow Wilson on General Washington and the ‘period of the revolution. The feature this number will be an illus- trated paper on the distinctive characteristics of Ohio as shown in the develo Dr. Charles F. Thwing, i “ve Uae : g&, presidentof Western Reserve contributes an attractive article on “Literary Land ark ice.”” i i rence Venice.’’? The number is especially strong i: