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-tion, representations THE DRY-DOCK AT KINGSTON, ONT. “BY HENRY F. PERLEY, M. CAN. SOC. C. E.* To provide for the repairing of craft on the Great Lakes, the Government of Canada in 1889 commenced construction of a dry-dock at Kingston, Ont., which was brought to completion in 1892, the plans and specifica- tions for which, excepting the details of the pumping plant and engine house, were prepared by the writer. After an examination of several sites had been made, that known as ‘‘Power’s Ship Yard’’ fronting on the harbor, was selected, and purchased on reasonable terms. In addition to the property thus acquired, the lower portion of Union street, which had been closed some years previously under an arrangement for the construction of a dry-dock, was ceded by the city to the Crown, which thus became the possessor of a frontage of 400 feet on the harbor, a frontage having deep water at but a little distance from the shore. The site is situated between Gore and Union streets, having the shops of the Kingston Locomotive Works on one side, and’ those of the Kingston Foundry Company on the other. When taken possession of, the site was encum- bered with several building's, the remains of an aban- doned marine railway, an old wharf, and the work that had been executed on a proposed dry-dock and aban- doned, all of which had to be retnoved. In determining the dimensions of the dock, it was judged that they should exceed by a small amount those of the locks on the Welland canal, so that any vessel which could pass through them could be admitted to the dock, and alength of 280 feet on the floor and 48 feet width of THE MARINE RECORD. course being grouted up and filled full with the com- pound. All joints were lipped for 4 inches from the face with a compotind of 1 of cement to 1 of sand, and neatly pointed and finished off when green. Only Portland cement was used in the work, and a constant testing was carried on during construction. Samples were taken from every “nth barrel as delivered, and tested for fineness by the whole sample passing through a 2,500 sieve. Briquettes of neat cement, after remaining for twelve hours in the air and seven clear days in water, gave an average tensile strength of 445 lbs. per square inch. ‘he quoins of the outer face of the inner invert and side walls are of grey granite, all remaining stones in the invert being of limestone. The granite and limestone quoins facing on the caisson berth, and of the walls on either side, are worked with a projection of % inch, and a full width of 12 inches, and set abso- lutely perpendicular and in a irue plane, the faces be- ing finely axed and rubbed down, for on these meeting faces depends the tightness with which the caisson fits, thus preventing leakage when the dock is empty. An extension of the caisson-berth forms a chamber into which the caisson is drawn to admit a vessel. Along each side of the bottom are heavy cast-iron rollers placed at intervals, on which the caisson rests and travels when being moved. The width of the inner invert is 55 feet and of the outer invert 57 feet, this difference being necessary to permit the caisson being floated into its berth. They are built to a radius of 193 feet, and the stones forming entrance were adopt- ed. During construc- were made that the width of the entrance was not sufficient to admit some paddle- wheel steamers ply- ing on Lake Ontario, and it was increased to 55 feet, such change involving the widening of the body of the dock, increas- ing the size of the caisson and the di- mensions of the cais- son chamber. After cleaning the bottom in front of the site, an earthern coffer- dam was placed, the material (clay) com- posing it being ob- tained from the chan- nel of the Cataraqui through the marsh above the highway bridge. Thisdam failed when the work was about one-third completed, but the break was easily filled and the work resumed. The dock is built of limestone obtained from quarries at Belleville, and fully up to the requirements of the specification, which demanded that the ashlar in the altars, except in two instances, should be built of stone 2 feet 8inches in height. As stretchers could not be less than 4 feet in length, with a bed not less in width than 1% times the rise, the smallest stone that could be used weighed over three tons. The coursing of the side walls was carried through the body of the work, the whole with quarter-inch joints, and dressed with the fine end of a Bouchard hammer. ‘The backing consisted of large and well-shaped stones of such thickness that two courses were equal to ome course of face-work. The floor is of stone, the central 6 feet carrying the keel blocks being raised six inches above the dock bottom. The foundation of the engine house, chimney and machinery were carried up from the rock, and the floors paved with stone. A quantity of concrete was used, composed of 6 parts of broken stone, 1 part clean, skarp sand, and 1 part of Portland cement. The whole of the masonry was laid in a compound of ome of Portland cement to ‘wo of sand, mixed and used as required, each oNrOoN wt Oaurario *Prom a paper read befare the Canadian Society of Civil Engi- neers. —Printed in Canadian Engineer. pe Taecriom yoouine Lehewaro - RY - DOCK - Kincston ; ONTARIO: — them are cut with the radial joints. The lowest point in the inverts is 15 feet 6 inches below zero, or the as- sumed average low water level of the lake, 22 feet be- low coping level, and 4 feet 6 inches above the floor of the dock. Outside the outer invert is an apron of stone 20 feet in width and 2 feet lower than the center of the invert, in which are placed granite blocks on which the caisson can rest if at any time it is found expedient or necessary to effect repairs in the caisson berth or cham- ber, or to dock a vessel longer than the floor of the dock, or, in other words, a vessel of 310 feetin length. Under the foundation of the dock bottom are arterial drains, by means of which the leakage from the lake is carried to and discharged by the auxiliary pump, when the dock isempty. Access is had tothe dock floor by steps on either side at the entrance end, and on either side of the timber slide at the head. In the floor at the lake end is a rudder well 24 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 12 feet deep, which has proved of much service, as it permits an easy removal and replacing of arudder. Sixteen cast-iron mooring posts, set in and filled with concrete, are placed around the dock, together with six heavy double- purchase’ capstans. On the dock floor are cast-iron keel blocks capped with hard wood, placed at intervals of 5 feet and 32 bilge blocks at 10 feet centers, which are operated from the dock coping. ‘The dock is filled through a culvert 4 feet in diameter, the mouth of which is outside the entrance works, and the discharge over the inner invert, the whole being submerged six feet below zero, and controlled by a 4-foot cast iro valve. Provision has been made whereby, in an emer- gency, filling can take place through the emptying c vert, which is also 4 feet in diameter and controlled by a valve. The caisson chamber and berth is connected by a 12-inch pipe with the auxiliary pump, so that | either can be emptied in the event of Hs stop logs be- ing put in place. Pe The engine-house, which comprises an engine-room, se boiler-room and dynamo-room, is of stone. The chim- ney—also of stone, and 90 feet in height—is placed partly within and partly without the building. Over the engine and dynamo-rooms the roof trusses are of wood, and over the boilers of iron, the party walls be- ing carried up to the roof as a safeguard in case of fire. The major portion of the floor of the engine-room is 646. feet below zero, or 13 feet below coping level, and on it is placed the pumping plant, which consists of two vertical 18-inch centrifugal pumps, one right-handed, the other left-handed, having discs + feet 8.inches in diameter; each operated by a vertical, high-pressure engine, having cylinders 18 inches in diameter, anda stroke of 18 inches. ‘he pumps are connected directly with the engines, and are in line, and by means of clutches they can be geared together so that one engine can drive both pumps, or an engine can drive the oppo- site pump. The suction pipes, which are 22 inches in diameter, are furnished with foot valves, and are led through the engine-room floor to the pumps, all joints being absolutely ‘MANSACTIONS CAM BOC C wate r-tight, The VOL mates pumps discharge through 22-inch pipes, the centers of © which are 9 feet be- low coping level, or 2 feet 6 inches below zero, and when the lake is at that level, the pumps operate against a head of that height. To pre- vent inflow when the pumps are not in use and the dock is empty, each dis- charge pipe is pro. vided with a 22-inch valve. The auxiliary pump and engines are placed on the upper or higher portion of engine-room floor. This pump, which is an 8-inch horizontal centrifugal, has a maximum lift of 31 feet 6 inches, and discharges 3 feet above zero. It is operated by a pair of vertical high- pressure engines, having 12-inch cylinder and 12-inch stroke, which are also used to move, by means of inter- mediate gearing, the caisson into and out of place. On the lower floor of the engine-room is a Knowles fire pump, the steam cylinder being 15 inches, and the water cylinder 10 inches in diameter, both having a stroke of 21 inches. This pump can be used in the event of the auxiliary pump being disabled. A delivery pump is carried to the outside of the building, having a proper cap for attaching four lines of 24-inch fire hose. A Knowles patent duplex boiler feed pump, with steam cylinder 6 inches, and water cylinder 4 inches, and stroke 7 inches, is placed in the boiler-room. ‘The boil- ers—four in number—are of the cylindrical, multi- tubular type, set in brick work, with all the fittings and appliances for their successful working. They are 14 feet long and 5} feet in diameter, each containing 84 No. 9, W. G., lap-welded, charcoal iron tubes, 34 inches external diameter, and furnished with domes 3 feet high and 24 feet diameter. The shells and ends are of three eighths steel, the longitudinal seams being lapped and double riveted, the circumferential seams lapped and single riveted. Before acceptance they were subjected to a cold water test of 180 pounds per square inch, the working pressure being set at 100 pounds. Two of these boilers supply steam enough for the main engines. ROBB BECTION, mALF SECTION CAISSON. BOWLER HOUSE: SCALE oF vuey »