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By order of the Light-House Board: the Mesaba steam shovel mines. in Duluth recently, regarding cost of mining at this NOTICE TO MARINERS. Licut-HousE ESTABLISHMENT, OFFICE oF Licut-HousE InsPEcTorR, 11TH DIsT. » Detroit, Micu., November 6, 1896. On November 10th, the U. S. Marigold will leave Detroit for the purpose of removing all the iron buoys in Lake Huron and adjacent waters. Wooden buoys, painted the same color as the iron ones, will be substituted, and allowed to remain until carried away by the ice. By ORDER OF THE LIGHT-HOUSE BOARD. * * * FRANKFORT PirrRHEaAD Licut SrTatTion.—Notice is hereby given that, on or about November 16, 1896, the light and fog bell towers on the south pier at the harbor of Frankfort, east side of Lake Michigan, will be moved along the extended pier to a point near its outer end, and about 600 feet from their present positions. The light will be shown and the fog bell sounded, each from its respective tower, as heretofore. * * * NorrH Manitou LicuHt Sration.—Notice is hereby given that on or about November 20, 1896, a 10-inch steam whistle will be established at the light station in course of construction on the point making off to the eastward from the southeasterly part of North Manitou Island, northeasterly part of Lake Michigan, to sound, during thick or foggy weather, blasts of 5 seconds’ dura- tion separated by silent intervals of 25 seconds, thus : Silent Silent Bay Blast interval Blast interval : 5 sec. 25 sec. 5 sec. 25 sec. Joun G. WALKER, Rear Admiral U. S. Navy, Chairman. _ OFFICE OF THE LIGHT-HovusE BOARD, WASHINGTON, D. C., Nov. 10, 1896. rr oe LOW COST OF PRODUCING ORE. Everybody interested in Lake Superior mines is talk- ing of the year’s record at the Oliver, the greatest of Some figures printed property, are so low as to cause great doubt regarding _ their accuracy, and yet they are put in such a way as to indicate a reliable source. . mine to have run its 810,000 tons of this year’s output These figures show the for about 6% cents a ton, exclusive of stripping, which is set down at not over 3 cents on a total ore body to be mined by the shovel. While this is probably too low, it gives an idea of the exceedingly low cost of mining that has been enjoyed by the Oliver this summer. In this connection it is interesting to note that the man- agement of the mines has determined to mine their entire ore body by steam shovels, and that it is not con- sidered necessary to make provision for any change to either milling or other underground process later. Ore will be raised out of the mine, when its level shall have been sunk too far for present methods, by pneumatic elevators or stationary engines for lifting the loaded cars to the surface, or by running switchbacks or circu- Jar tracks down the mine. It is stated that some of the -. largest and best managed Mesaba mines operated under- ground by the caving process have shown cost sheets this year of not far from 40 cents per ton, including everything. ‘This figure is vouched for as accurate by - one of the best known mining engineers in the Mesaba région.—Coal and Coke. uum ea —____ THE WIND UP_OF NAVIGATION. ; Mr. W. A. Livingston, of Detroit, is of the, opinion that the lake vessel owners can expect but little good effect this fall from the result of the election... It came at a time when the ore season had ended. So low had been the freights on this article that the shippers sent down all they could find room for on\the Lake Krie docks and with the result that there is much more on hand than the furnaces can hope to use for many months to come. Prior to the-election Shactictore loaded up with great . Qtiantities of grain. They held it for a rise in prices ‘jandto:keep up their margin borrowed money on the warehouse receipts. A good deal of this they let go feariug the election of Bryan and a fall in prices. All this was sent forward at the low rates then prevailing. ‘A good’ deal more was held over, the speculators taking ‘the gambiler’s chance and this they now have, and they will hold it for some time t6 come, waiting for that in- * evitable raise. light-house tender, THE MARINE RECORD. So that in any event very little grain will go forward from Chicago or Duluth this fall, he thinks. He looks for a brisk movement incoal owing to the easier money market and the ability of the consumers in the northwest to borrow the money necessary to carry it forward. In lumber very little will be done this fall, though he thinks that if any man can afford to buy it in large quantities at the present cheap prices and hold it a few months, he will reap a harvest. He argues that the price of everything is bound to go up from now on, and he thinks that had the election taken place in the middle of the season nothing could have prevented a brisk demand for all classes of pro- perty carried in lake bottoms and a consequent boom in freights. rr re a Tx Marine Recorp Life Saving Series. CAPTAIN HENDERSON. Among the many skillful and experienced men in life- saving service, may be mentioned Capt. J. EK. Hender- son, keeper of the station at Harrisville, Mich. Capt. Henderson was born in London, Ont., May 12, 1858; consequently he is now in his prime, aged 37 years. A brief synopsis of his career shows that dur- ing his babyhood the parents moved to Michigan, and CAPT. J. E. HENDERSON. from early boyhood the present life-saver cou'd not be kept clear of the water; he gravitated to the liquid as a young duck is known to do, perhaps not from any par- ticular reason, but because nature leads that way. However, the youth started in with fishing and sailing until the year 1881 when we find him enrolled as one of the crew of the Sand Beach life-saving station, under Keeper David Dues; from this time on he gradually worked his way in the service, from pulling oar num- bered 8 up to stroke oar, or No.1, andi in the fall of 1885, more accurately November 3, he was finally appointed keeper of the Sturgeon Point life-saving station, ‘a position which he still retains with great credit to the station and earning the thanks of many seamen during the season of navigation for his general courtesy, skill- ful rescues and a desire to serve all those who are afloat in distress anywhere in his vicinity. we 2 A NEW CHARTER. The Graham & Morton ‘Transportation Co. has chartered the Lake Michigan and Lake Superior liner City of Duluth for service between Milwaukee and St. Joseph during the coming winter. The City of Duluth is to go upon the route November 20 and continue until the opening of navigation in 1897." Moreover, this isone of the most progressive lines on Lake Michigan, and, as not in direct competition with the Goodrich Line, must be held up as a factor in forwarding .the best interests of the exclusive American Lake. ‘platform extends all fore-and-aft, retaining its form RUNNING THE RAPIDS. There has been a question raised regarding the steamer running the St. Lawrence River Rapids the matter has now been cleared up by Mr. S. G. John ston, of Clayton, N. Y.,in a letter to the editor of Oswego Times, as follows: “Will you kindly post Mr. James Culligan, of Mor is- town, as to his poster of the steamer United States run ning the rapids 64 years ago. The steamer United States which he speaks of was built at Ogdensbur the point near the present location of the light-ho She came out in 1832, the year of the cholera, andr as he says, for a time between Ogdensburg and ‘Lew ton. In 1840 she ran from Oswego to Lewiston and Telegraph ran between Ogdensburg and Oswego, for: ing a through line. In 1837-8 she was in the Pat war and while running up. the American channel above Morristown, she was shot at and one of the non balls went through the pilot house and took off wheelsman’s head. She was taken with all on board b the United States government to Sacketts Harbor ar kept there until the trouble was settled. In 1845 she was hauled out at Oswego by Thomas Collins, gran father of Thomas Collins, of Clayton, after which sh was condemned and broken up, while one of the engines was put into a boat called the Rochester, built a Oswego, by G. W. Wicks, and afterwards sold to parties in Toronto. The other engine went into the saw mi south of Oswego. At the time the steamer United States was built, there was built at Prescott, Ont., oppo: site Ogdensburg, a steamer a little larger than the United States called the Great Britain. She was launched prior to the United States and ran from Pr cott to Little York (now Toronto), stopping at Bro Ik: ville, Gananoque, Kingston, Smith’s Creek (now Port Hope) and Toronto. These two boats looked alike to model, the Great Britain being painted black whil é the United States was painted white. She never wen below Ogdensburg. There was no boat running th rapids at that time which came up, except battea' and durham boats and they were hauled up with oxe and capstans through the worst places in the rapids The first steamboat to run the rapids was a boat calle¢ the Ontario, built at Niagara, and she ran pei rapids in 1840. »: Iwas in Ogdensburg when the keel of the Unite States was laid and was in Sacketts Harbor the first tim she called there on her first trip in 1832.”’ : CARGO STEAMERS FOR LAKE AND OCEAN SERVICE. WRITTEN BY W. E. REDWAY, NAVAL akCermae mate FALO, FOR THE MARINE RECORD. ri (PART Il.) ik Excellent as the results are that have already been achieved by these vessels in fresh water, there can” * no doubt that the future has in store as important ar advance in design over the whalebacks as they are (assuming it to have been proved) over the ‘‘tramp.”’ Another fleet of cargo steamers has been built at th northeast coast of England, designed upon somewha similar principles to the whalebacks, but differing ma rially in details so as to render them suitable for ocea service, thereby constituting another step in advance the design of freight-boats. These vessels dre know as the ‘“T'urret’’ type, of which some nineteen or twe are already built, and others are projected.) © The ‘Turrets’ under! water are similar in general de sign to the orthodox tramp and there is nothing usual about their bows and sterns. Above water, how ever, is where the departure from ordinary practice b comes manifest. With a gunwale rounded similarly that of the whalebacks, the centre portion of the dec raised four or five feet above the weather deck, about one-third of the extreme beam, and is connec thereto by the main frames and shell plating being carried up to this working platform in a line of dou! curvature. This raised portion amidships or workin five feet height to a distance considerably abaft am ships, and then rising another two feet six inches order to provide additional capacity aft, for a ai purposes. ppb de Many improvements in a detail are being introduced experience indicates, and in spite of the usual di conservatism of ‘‘John Bull,” the turret type of steam