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J a THE ZAMANAP. INVENTED AND MANUFACTURED BY SIR CG. PURCELL TAYLOR, BART., D. SC. This is an instrument for measuring minute inter- vals of time, and also for recording with perfect exacti- tude the time at which any occurence took place. The name is derived from the Sanscrit, following the cus- tom which the inventor introduced some years ago, since the Greek language can no longer supply derivatives. The Zamanap is the result of some eight years’ experi- ment, and has only been arrived at after very expensive trials and the rejection of many machines that were almost perfect. It may be mooved about with facility, for it weighs only afew pounds, and is so constructed that it will Operate even when in violent motion. It may be used for all purposes requiring exact measurements of time, whether over short or long intervals. Its chief uses are:— 1. Determining the speed of fast vessels, particularly torpedo boats and destroyers, and also locomotives. 2. Recording astronomical observations with absolute accuracy. 3. Determining and recording the results of races and other sports. 4. Determining velocities of launches of ships. 5. Determining the speed, resistance, propeller effi- ciency, etc., of models of ships in experimental tanks. 6. Photographing projectiles in their flight. 7. Determining the velocity of projectiles, and the strength of explosives. When employed for this last purpose, it will take several velocities during the flight of each shot, say at the muzzle and at 10, 20, 30, 100, 500 and 1,000 yards, or any other distance; and this is done without any pre- vious or subsequent preparation or adjustment. ‘The Zamanap once set in action will go on registering these velocities as long as the gun is fired. If 2,000 bullets per minute are discharged, and the Zamanap is arranged to take velocity at eight points in the trajec- tory, sixteen thousand observations of velocity will be recorded in one minute. Hitherto, it has been possible only to take velocity at two points in the trajectory, and even then half an hour’s preparation was necessary. To take 20 velocities in a day was good work, but the Zamanap will take 16,000 in a minute. When required for determining the velocity of pro- jectiles, another piece of apparatus is supplied which does away with the screens formerly in use. ‘This ap- paratus is always ready, never requiring adjustment before or after the shot; so that instead of having to send a man down the range at every shot to re-adjust the screen, the gun may be fired continuously. ‘The price is £5 for every point of observation, which may be of any number and at any distance from the gun. Former chronographs were of considerable size, and required a large number of battery cellsto actuate them, thus necessitating the building of one or two substan- tial houses to contain them. THE MARINE RECORD: The Zamanap is so compact that it will go into a hat, and requires only two or three small cells, In most chronographs, the actual measurement of time must be made independently; in a word, they are not strictly chronogranphs at all, for they do not write down the time, but merely record the observation, leay- ing time to be measured in some other way. In the Zamanap, however, both are accomplished together. In all chronographs hitherto in use, there has been no means of checking their exactitude or of ascertain- ing their correctness of measurement, i. e., many of them profess to meastre to 79455 or even ivd-o05 Of a second, but there is no means of determining the dura- tion of that second, and when tested against the Zama- nap, they have always been found in error. In the Zamanap the prime endeavor was to ensure ac- curacy in measuring the seconds. When that was ac- complished, the division of the second into ten thousand portions was perfected. For the first time in the history of chronometry we have an exact second, and the exact subdivision of the second; at least, so says the inventor. EEE Dee MARITIME LAW. THE RANGER—BROWN Vv. THE RANGER. District Court H. D. New York. June 10, 1896. SALVAGE SERVICE—COMPENSATION.—The services of a steamboat engaged in the menhaden fishery, in going to the assistance of a similar steamboat stranded on the Brigantine Shoal, lying by her all night, and pulling her off next morning, with the assistance of another vessel, at considerable risk and peril, held to have been a salvage service, for which $1,750 should be allowed on a valuation of $9,000, the salving vessel also being worth about $9,000. This was a libel in rem by Samuel S. Brown against the steamboat Ranger, to recover compensation for salvage service. : Benedict, District Judge. This is an action by the owners of the steam fishing boat KE. S. Allen to recover salvage compensation for services rendered in July, 1894, to the fishing steamboat Ranger. The Ranger was a steamboat engaged in menhaden fishery, and on the 13th day of July, 1894, she got ashore on the Brigan- tine shoal, perhaps the most dangerous shoal on the Jersey coast. Her position was one of extreme peril, and there is little reason to doubt that if she had not re- ceived assistance she would have become a total loss. The Allen was a steamboat also engaged in menhaden fishery, and was lying, with two or three other fishing steamboats, some two miles off. T’hese boats refused to goto theassistance of the Ranger on account of the risk. The Allen, however, concluded torun therisk, and pro- ceeded to the Ranger for the purpose of getting her off. On arriving at the Ranger the tide had fallen two or three Ti feet, and nothing could be done that night. At the request of the master of the Ranger the Allen lay by her all night, and the next morning at dawn she began to pullat the Ranger. After continued exertions, aided for the latter part of the time by another boat (which boat, it is stated, has been settled with for her services), she succeeded in getting the Ranger off and taking her to New York in safety. The service was rendered not without considerable risk, and the peril to which the Ranger was exposed was extreme. The value of the Allen is agreed to be $9,000. The value of the Ranger is about the same. Clearly, the service wasa salvage ser- vice, and entitled to salvage compensation. The only question is the proper salvage compensation to be paid for the services. Upon the evidence it is my opinion that a prcper salvage compensation for the services rendered by the Allen would be $1,750, for which sum, with costs, let a decree be entered. ————. oo — OUR WONDERFUL EARTH. 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