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iN ESTABLISHED 1878. VOL.*XX. No. 12. “CLEVELAND---MARCH 25, 1897---CHIGAGO. A 4g Y . $2.00 Per Year - loc. Single Copy LAKE CARRIERS’ ASSOCIATION. To consider and take action upon all general questions relating to the navigation and carrying business of the Great Lakes, . maintain necessary shipping offices and in general j to. protect the common interest of Lake Car- ~ -riers,and improve the character of the service rendered to the public. PRESIDENT. Capt. JAMES W. MILLEN, Detroit, Mich. ieee VICE PRESIDENTS. i S. Dunham, : Chicago. Howard L. Shaw, Bay City. . E. Benham, Cleveland, F. J. Firth, Philadelphia. David Carter, Detroit. L. 8. Sullivan, Toledo. S. D. Caldwell, Buffalo. M. J. Cummings, Oswego. W.H. Wolf, Milwaukee. Geo. Berriman, Erie. W.C. Farrington, Duluth. : SECRETARY. CHARLEs H. KeErp, Buffalo, TREASURER. ; GeorcE P, McKay, Cleveland. COUNSEL. Harvey D. GouLpER, Cleveland. FINANCE AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. ames Corrigan, Cleveland. W.P. Henry, Buffalo, ohn Mitchell, Cleveland. J J. H. Brown, Buffalo. . A. Hawgood, Cleveland. . P. Fitzgerald, Milwaukee. Thos. Wilson, Cleveland. C. W. Elphicke, Chicago. M.A. Bradley, Cleveland. H. G. Dalton, Cleveland. I: C. Gilchrist, Cleveland. W.C. Richardson, Cleveland. . C. Waldo, Detroit. B. L. Pennington, Cleveland. D.C. Whitney, Detroit. COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION. L. M. Bowers, » Cleveland. Wm. Livingstone, Detroit. E. T. Evans, © Buffalo. .S. Dunham, Chicago. P. P. Miller, “Buffalo. -D Caldwell, Buffalo. H. C. French, Buffalo. Jesse Spraiding; Chicago. Charles Paine, ' Buffalo. C. A. Eddy, Bay City. Edward Smith, Buffalo. Alex. McDougall, W. Superior. H.M. Hanna, Cleveland. F. J. Firth, Philadelphia. James Corrigan, Cleveland. COMMITTEE ON AIDS TO NAVIGATION. Geo. P. McKay, Cleveland. W.M. Egan, Chicago. W. 4H. Becker, Cleveland. Frank Owen, Ogdensburg. C. E, Benham, Cleveland. A. W. Colton, Toledo, . G. Keith, Chicago. James Davidson, W. Bay City. . A. Hawgood, Cleveland. Alvin Neal, - Port Huron, Thos. Wilson, Cleveland. M. M. Drake, Buffalo. ohn W. Moore, Cleveland. Philip Minch, Cleveland, . A. Livingstone, Detroit. THE EOPHONE. The Secretary of the Treasury has submitted to Con- gress an estimate of $12,000 to place “eophones” on reve- nue cutters.. This is a device for locating sound, and is now in use-on many government vessels. The eophone is a sound-catching instrument and with it one can determine with much accuracy, in a fog or dark- ness, the location. both as to direction and distance, of sound. It is formed of two bell-mouthed receivers, placed one on each side of a sheet of metal or other material ex- tending some distance in front of the receivers. A tube from the left hand sound receiver is placed at the left ear of the person operating the eophone, and a tube from the right hand receiver at the right ear. When the sound is heard with equal plainness in both ears the instrument is pointing in the direction of the sound, when the sound is heard with greater plainness in one ear than in the other the instrument is pointing at an angle with the direction ofthe sound. The sensitiveness of the instrument is re- -markable. The ripple of oars has been detected in the night time when the rowers were trying to row as silently as possible. One time a bell-buoy was picked up in a dense fog, after being located by the eophone from a dis- tance of a mile. Another experiment. was the chasing of -atug by the sound of its whistle, the eophone operator eing blindfolded, and the vessel pursued twisting on its course in every possible way, in the effort to elude its pursuer. The cophone is attached to the top of the pilot , the tubes from the receivers being: brought inside ouse for use by the pilot. The instrument can be in any direction by the operator below. : A WRECK BUOY. A Baltimore man has invented a sounding buoy by the use of which he believes information of the causes of many wrecks will be furnished even when the crews perish, ‘also the location of the sunken vessel. The device is to be’car- ried on the deck of a vessel, and attached to it by a reel containing any desired length of line. Letters can be put. in a box attached to the buoy, against danger from the water. a ball which, agitated by the rolling motion, strikes against the sides of the buoy, and makes a noise to attract the at- tention of passing vessels. DDO SOO SO NOTICE TO MARINERS. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA—NORTHERN LAKES AND RIVERS—MINNESOTA. Treasury Department, Office of the Light-house Board, Washington, D. C., March 109, 1807. TWO HARBORS LIGHT STATION. Notice is hereby given that, on the opening of naviga- tion, 1897, the color of the fourth-order light at this sta- tion, on the point at the easterly side of Agate Bay, Lake Superior, will be changed from red to white, and the color of the lantern light at the outer end of the breakwater making off from the point will be changed from white to red. GRASSY ISLAND NORTH CHANNEL RANGE LIGHT STATION. Front Light—Notice is hereby given that, on or about March 31, 1897, a fixed red lens-lantern light will be estab- lished in the structure recently erected; in 3 1-2 feet of water, near the northerly end of the flats lying to the northward and westward of Grassy Island, and 2,050 feet (2-5 mile) N. 22 deg. 25 min. west. (NNW.) from Grassy Island (South Channel Range Rear) Light House, Detroit River. The light will be shown from an octagonal lan- tern surmounting a square tower projecting slightly from the northeasterly side of a square one-story dwelling, with sharp roof and dormers, and a boathouse in the rear, sur- rounded by an embankment. wood, painted yellowish drab. and hermetically. sealed The focal plane of the light will be 30 feet above the mean level of the river. The light will be illuminated 90 deg. of the horizon, lying between S. 87 deg. 20 min. W. CWe- 1-4/8") and ‘S2° deg. 40 mins“ Ea (S. 1-4 ED (bearings from a vessel), or 60 deg to the eastward and 30 deg. to the westward of the range line. The approximate geographical position of the light, as taken from Chart No. 56 of the United States Survey of the Northern and Northwestern Lakes, will be: Latitude, North, 42 deg. 13 min. (45 sec.) Longitude, West, 83 deg. 08 min. (og sec.). - Rear Light—On the same date, a fixed red lens-lantern will be established in the structure recently erected in about 5 51-2 feet of water, 2,000 feet (3-8 mile) S. 27 deg. 20 min. W. (SSW. 7-16 W.) in rear of the front light. The light will be shown from an octagonal lantern surmount- ing a square, inclosed, pyramidal, yellowish drab, wooden tower, on a pile foundation. The focal plane of the light will be 50 feet above the mean level of the river. The light will be illuminated 180 deg. of the horizon, lying to the northward of N. 62 deg. 4o min. W. (NW. by W. 9-16 W.) and S. 62 deg. 40 min. E. SE. by E. 9-16 E.), or 90 deg. to the eastward and 90 deg. to the westward of the range line. Latitude, North, 42 deg. 13 min. (28 sec.)3; Longitude, West, 83 deg. 08 min. (21 sec.). The lights mark a range line for running the channel of the Detroit River between the Ecorse Range line and Detroit. The range line clears the 18-foot curve off the The buoy itself contain's’ The entire structure is of northwesterly part of Fighting Island by about 400 feet, off Ecorse Marsh by about 500 feet, and the point of the Canadian shore opposite Fort Wayne by about’ 500 feet. The range intersects the Ecorse Range line at a point about 3,500 feet (2-3 mile) from the Ecorse Range Front, Light, and about 3,150 feet (3-5 mile) from the front light of this range. ee Bearings are trite; miles are statute miles, By order of the Light-House Board, : JOHN G. WALKER, ,~ Rear Admiral, U. S. Navy, Chairman, a AMERICAN STEEL. IN GREAT BRITAIN. According to the latest report of George F. Parker, United States consul at Birmingham, England, it appears’ that for six months or more, steel has been imported. from the United States into Wales for use in the tin-plate trade, and much interest has been aroused in the newspapers de- voted to the iron and steel trade. Last week, the first large shipment was made into this, the distinctively metal district of England. As showing the effect which this new - course of trade is likely to have on the iron and steel busi-. ness here, I send editorial articles published in the Bir-- mingham Daily Post of January 21 and 22, and also a let-- ter from the current issue of the same paper, giving a chemical analysis to show the quality of the steel sent trom the United States, which reads as follows: Referring to your recent paragraph on the large importations of Amer- ican steel to the Midlands, it will, I think, interest many of your readers to learn that its composition, if the samples submitted to me are an average, is distinctively different to that of the bulk of England steel intended for similar pur- poses. Two specimens were sent to me for examination some six weeks ago from South Wales, where American steel has been received before it came to the Midlands, in which I found the following composition: Per cent. Per cent. Carbone ee a er ee 0.135 0.18 PHOSpMtOnisrcts «ee re ee eas 0.11 0.1 Manganese one eras a. au ercn at oe: oe 0.31 0.21 The steels were supplied for tin-plate making, and I was informed by the users that their working was in every way excellent. In nine cases out of ten, users of soft steel ° would say that such material would be harder than is de- sirable for such work. : “Such differences are very interesting, and this fact and the importance of the matter are my reasons for giving” these details, which, though not of common interest, may certainly interest many of your technical readers. The Birmingham Daily Post says in part: The announcement made by the New York correspond- ent of the Standard that 1,600 tons of steel billets are on their way from Philadelphia to this country for delivery in Birmingham is an unpleasant’ reminder of our English steel producers that there is a limit to the-expansion of prices, and that values, like water, soon find their level all the world over. Now, in this country, for some time past, prices of iron and steel, as well as of other commodities, have been steadily rising, under the influence mainly of improved demand; but in the United States the reverse process has been witnessed, owing to the widespread com- mercial depression, traceable largely to currency causes. The result is that the United States has not only ceased to offer a market of any value for our iron and steel manu- factures, but is actually invading our home markets: with American-made iron and steel. There is nothing new, of course, in the importation of American pig iron, which can be produced now at prices with which English and Scotch smelters can not pretend to compete, but it is certainly a. new departure for American-made steel billets to be sell- ing-for delivery in the English Midlands.