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ESTABLISHED 1878. Z 5 ~ VOL. XXII, No. 28. CLEVELAND---JULY 13, 1899---CHICAGO. $2.00 Per Year. 5c. Single Copy. LAKE CARRIERS’ ASSOCIATION. of. _ Toconsider and take action upon all genera questions relating to _ ~ the navigation and carrying business of the Great Lakes, maintain necessary shipping offices and in general to protect the common interests of Lake Car- tiers, and improve the character of the service rendered to the public. PRESIDENT. FRANK J. FIRTH, Philadelphia. ‘ 1ST VICE-PRESIDENT. Capt. THos. : WILSON, Cleveland. , SECRETARY. BY CHARLES H. KEEP, Buffalo. ee TREASURER. ; GEORGE P. McKay, Cleveland. COUNSEL. Harvey D. GOULDER, Cleveland. EXECUTIVE AND FINANCE COMMITTEE, JAMES CoRRIGAN, Chairman, Cleveland. COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION. Gipson L. Doueras, Chairman, Buffalo. COMMITTEE ON AIDS TO NAVIGATION. GEORGE P. McKay, Chairman, Cleveland. —— seer = LAKE LEVELS. Prof. Cleveland Abbe, chief meteorologist of the United _ States Weather Bureau, has been making a thorough study of the rainfall and the outflow of the Great Lakes which is - of particular interest just now in connection with the open- _ ing of the Chicago sanitary canal. _ Mr. L. E. Cooley, the well known engineer of Chicago, es- timates 10,000 cubic feet a second as the probable outflow at Chicago. Prof. Abbe says: The effect on the general - level of Lake Michigan and, Lake Huron, practically the x same body of water, will be to increase the present outflow -' about three inches annually, so that the future outflow will - be about 70 instead of 67 inches a year. _ “The effect upon the depth of water and navigation in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron,’’ said Prof. Abbe recently, “and on the outflows of the Lakes St. Clair, Erie and On- _tario will be barely appreciable and of no practical impor- tance whatever in comparison with the uncertainty, the va- riability, and the great importance of the rainfall and evap- oration. This slight drain upon Lake Michigan will be sup- plied by Lakes Superior and Huron, without affecting the surface level of St. Clair or Erie by more than a small fraction of an inch. “The deepening of the channel through St.Clair and De- - \troit rivers will diminish the resistance to the flow of water, so that more will pass per second than before, provided the ‘head of water,’ namely, the difference in level between Lakes Huron and Erie, remains the same; but this will not be the case. The effect will be felt at first mostly in the very cen- ter of the channel, and the total annual discharge at first will be much less than 1 per cent;more than at present. It _ may increase from 230,000 to 232,000 cubic feet a second, or om 67 to 67.6 inches per annum, but the final result will be e same as if we opened a wider and easier communication between the two lakes, and they will come to the same level and act as one lake, just as Huron and Michigan do. now. “*As the influence of these two proposed engineering im- provements on the regime of the lake is so small compared th that of the natural forces at work, it is especially im- ant to accumulaté and improve the climatological data, fall and evaporation, barometric pressure and winds, all ich affect the supply and the outflow.” oO eo NEW LAKE-BUILT TONNAGE. Official numbers were assigned to the following named ce built vessels by the Bureau of Navigation, Treasury artment, Washington, D. C., during the week ended July ist, 1899, For the new tonnage of the six months ended June 30th, see issue of the MARINE RECORD, July 6th. STEAM.—Mae, home port, Toledo, O., official number, 92,953; signal letters, KPFJ; tonnage, 2,201 tons gross, 1,497 net; built by the Craig Ship Building Co., Toledo, for coast service. York State, Ludington, Mich., tonnage, 89 gross, 71 net; built at Grand Haven, Mich. Saly.—John Smeaton, Duluth, Minn., gross, 4,725 net; built at West Superior, Wis. tonnage, 5,049 Manila, ‘Cleveland, O., tonnage, 5,039 gross, 4,667 net; built at Chicago, Ills. Matanzas, Port Huron, Mich., tonnage, 2,600 gross, 2'525 net; built at West Bay City, Mich. Prairie, Chicago, Ills,, tonnage 7 tons gross and net; built at Ogdensburg, N. Y. Tartar, Chicago, Ills., tonnage, 12 gross and net. Oo A CHANCE FOR SHIPBUILDERS. From Buenos Ayres it is learned that the Government in- tend calling for tenders for a steamship service to the South, ' . consisting for the first two years of three steamers of not less than 1,500 tons each, and afterwards of five steamers of the same capacity. They are to run between Buenos Ayres or I,a Plata and Puerto Madryn, Cabo Raso, Bahia, Comerones, Rada Tilla, Puerto Deseads, San Julian, Santa Cruz, Rio Galegas, San Sebastian, Ushuaia, and other ports if required, Besides the steamer service, a coasting service with the above mentioned ports is to be established within one year after the former is arranged, consisting of at least ten sailing or steam vessels. The steamers are to leave Buenos Ayres or La Plata every ten days, and the round voyage must not take more than 30 days. OO oO oe HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE NOTICES. LAKE Erig~—Sunken wreck off Lorain.—June 29, 1899, the steamer Margaret Olwill foundered in Lake Erie, off Lorain. ‘The wreck lies in 50 feet of water about 8 miles off shore. LAKE SUPERIOR.—The Apostle Islands—Shoals westward of Bear Island.—Captain L,, W. Stone, of the steamer Rou- mania, reports that when passing through the Apostle Islands and making a course to clear the Bear Island and Sand Island shoals, as reported by the U. S. S. Michigan in 1897, his vessel, drawing 17 feet of water, touched on a bar or shoal, presumably sand. LAKE SUPERIOR—Minnesota—Grand Marais Harbor— Proposed Harbor Improvements.—The following informa- tion has been received from Major C. B. Sears, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army: The proposed extension of the breakwater on the eastern side of Marais harbor entrance, Minnesota, marked on H. O. chart No. 1426, has been abandoned. It is proposed to build a separate breakwater from the extreme point on the western side of the harbor entrance, 350 feet long in a southeast direction, to be finished in 1900. A good anchorage, deepened to 17 feet by dredging and extending over the entire eastern part of the basin, has been created. i ae oo M. OSTERGREN, a New York inventor, who is devoting much attention to liquid air, declares that the limit of speed for vessels driven by steam has been nearly reached, but that he expects to see vessels driven in other ways built before many years to make sixty miles an hour, and that he hopes to take up that problem himself before long. Future progress, he says, lies in the use of liquid fuels. If gasoline were burned under a boiler it would give double the steam-making result, pound for pound, that coal does but that wonld only be a step in the right direction. He would do away with steam engirfes and steam boilers altogether, and in their place use vapor engines burning liquid fuel. IMPROVE THE ERIE CANAL. While the governor, legislature and citizens of New York are dilly dallying over the past expenditures in attempts to improve the Erie canal, which it must be understood is a State ditch, as distinct from a Federal navigable water- way, the Dominion government has nearly completed im- provements so as to give a fourteen feet draft in the St. Lawrence system of canals, and it is just possible that the St. Lawrence route with a draft of 14 feet of water, will be cheaper for the shipment of grain than any other route to the seaboard. It now seems certain that New York’s export trade will be greatly diminished in the near future, while that of Montreal will correspondingly increase. A Chicago authority has figured out the following freight rates to tide-water: The average rate for five years from Chicago to Buffalo was 1,.37-100c a bushel for wheat. Double this forthe Montreal rate, and we have 2 74-Iooc, which fairly represents what is possible, while 3¢ would be a liber- alestimate. The rate from Lake Erie to Montreal would thus be 1 67-100c a bushel. Against this the rate from Lake Erie to New York city averaged for five years 4 54-100c. It is doubtful whether this cost of carrying across New York State can be materially reduced. This cost is made up of two items. The transfer charges at Buffalo for five years av- eraged I 36-100ca bushel and embraced, besides elevator charges, a variety of small expenses. The rate from Buffalo across the State of New York by means of the Erie canal for five years averaged 3 18-rooc. It isnot believed that the Buffalo;transfer charges, which are admittedly excessive, can be reduced below half acent without actual loss, while the lowest estimates of actual cost on the Erie canal, after all contemplated improvements are made, are all above 2c a bushel. In other words, after the opening of the Soulanges canal next month, it will cost about 1 67-100c to cary a bush- el of wheat from Lake Erie to Montreal, and about 3c to carry a bushel of wheat from Buffalo to New York city. This comparison is so decidedly in favor of Montreal that it is destined to attract a large share of the traffic that now goes via Buffalo to New York, and yet that Erie Canal Commission, as well as the Commerce Committee on the state of trade and transportation in New York city are still in active (?) session. Let any portion of this trade once find its way to Montreal and it will be difficult to bring it back, and, while trade follows the flag, the flag seeks the best and most economical paths of commerce and transpor- tation. or BIDS FOR HARBOR WORK. Abstract of bids received in response to an advertisement for breakwater extension at Presque Ile Point, Marquette, Mich., opened July 6, 1899, by Major Clinton B. Sears, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, at Duluth, Minn. Name and Address For whole work of Bidder. ; 500 ft. in length, 1. *Fitzgerald & Norris, Duluth, Minn........... $ 68.00 2, ‘Alex, Sane Duluth; Minter cn. cscs 36,700.00 3. Powell & Mitchell, Marquette, Mich.......... 27,000.00 4. Butler-Ryan Co., St. Paul, Minn.............. 29,300.00 As Messrs. Powell & Mitchell submit the lowest bid, it is probable that Major Sears will recommend to the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, Washington, that their proposal be accepted. ‘ *Evidently means per lin. ft. or $34,000 for whole. ——— or a a UNITED STATES Judge Hanford of Seattle, Washington, has ruled that while courts have no jurisdiction to review the acts of the Superintendent of Immigration,in excluding immi- grants upon their arrival and before they have been landed, after an immigrant has entered the United States, he cannot be turned back except upon a judicial inquiry into his right to remain, and the law makes no provision for such inquiry.