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THE MARINE RECORD. THE GEORGIAN BAY. To one who has lived the best years of his life on the shore of Georgian Bay, the task of writing a short sketch of this great arm of a still greater lake is a pleasure rather than a labor. No one can live beside a vast body of water and see it in all its varying moods, under all kinds of conditions, without learning to love it and watch its every change. The French discovered Georgian Bay early in the seventeenth century. Canadians, by thousands, are now “discovering” it anew. Before America was ever dreamed of, and before Colum- bus was born, the shores of Georgian Bay were peopled by a savage race, whose chief desire in life would seem to have been the destruction of each other. The history of the tribes that lived and disappeared has never been written, but traditions that have been handed down from tribe to tribe tell of many and wonderful doings, and which, were they printed, would sound more marvellous than the works of fiction. These were the people whose descend- ants we call Indians, but who were called, in the Ojibeway tongue, Nishanahbay. : When the French explorers first visited Georgian Bay, about 1620, they found the south shore peopled by a nation —the Hurons—of an industrial and peaceful disposition dwelling in villages, and cultivating the soil; the whole numbering between 20,000 and 30,000 souls. On the south- east shore was a tribe kindred to the Tobacco nation, whose territory adjoined that of the Hurons, between Georgian Bay and Lake Simcoe. On the north shore and along the French River, Lake Nipissing and the upper Ottawa, dwelt the tribes of the great Algonquin nation— the Ojibeways, the Pottawattamies, the Nipissingans, the Mississauguaus and the Ottawas, while away to the west were the Saultaux and other branches of the same family, and kindred tribes. How the fierce and crafty Iroquois—Six Nation Indians —almost utterly exterminated the Hurons and broke up the Jesuits’ mission, is duly and graphically told by Parkman, the historian, with whose works every Canadian ought to be familiar, After the extermination of the Hurons the Jesuit mission ceased, and so for the next hundred an1 seven years there is no written history of the Georgian Bay country. Of the great war which followed betweea the victorious Iroquois and the Ojibeways, there is nothing but Indian tradition. The English visited Geogian Bay the latter part of the eighteenth century, but it was not until the early part of the nineteenth century that its exploration was begun ia earnest. It was then found that the bay was in reality an arm of Lake Huron—a fact which the French must surely have known. The larger lake was allowed to retain the name of Huron, after the exterminated nation, the bay being named “Georgian,” in honor of King George the ‘Third. The first settlement on the bay was undoubtedly at. Penetanguishene, where the Jesuit fathers gave their lives for their flocks in the days of the massacre. Early in tne forties of the present century, Scotch pioneers made their way to Sydenham—now Owen Sound. The projection ofthe Northern raiiway made the settlement of Colling- wood—hitherto a mere fishing station—a possibility. Other towns and villages grew in due course. The early navi- A TRUSCOTT BOAT SIMPLE, SAFE, lighting. RELIABLE, SPEEDY. It may be possible to build better and safer boats, but it hasn’t been done yet. We send a completely illustrated catalogue and price list free, which tells you all about boats and WHY TRUSCOTT BOATS EXCEL. Truscott Boat Mfg. Co., ST. JOSEPH, MICH. gation of the bay would fill a chapter in itself. After the bark canoe of the native, the Mackinaw sail-boat held the lead for many years, and many wonderful stories could be told of adventures in calm and storm. Next, small steamboats and schooners put in an appearance, and did the carrying trade between Owen Sound and Collingwood. Now the steamers plying upon the bosom of the Georgian are the largest and staunchest on Canadian fresh water. The whole of the east and north shores are lined with islands, extending from a mile or two, in many places, to from twenty to twenty-five miles out in the bay from the main shore. These islands are of almost every imaginable area, from the Grand Manitoulin to the size of an ordinary packing-case. Bayfield, in his chart of the bay, accurately located fully 33,000 islands, and there are probably fully as many more that he did not discover, not having time to penetrate the vast archipelago. Wonderful as it may seem. additional islands are coming to the surface almost an- nually, through the gradual recession of the waters, which is so marked a phenomenon of the entire lake system. The Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence fade into insignificance when contrasted with the almost countless multitude of Georgian Bay. So great is the range of islands that a canoe voyage might be taken from Penetang to Saulte Ste. Marie, a distance of over four hundred miles, without seeing the open waters of the bay more than half a dozen times.—Toronto Saturday Night. ———— So Oe oe FRENCH-CANADIAN STEAMSHIP LINE. Consul-General Turner, of Ottawa, informs the De- partment that the Canadian Government has signed a con- tract with the Franco-Canadian Steamship Company for the establishment by the latter of a steamship service be- tween Dominion and French ports. The contract is to run for a year from the 1st of July, 1901. In summer, fort- nightly trips will be made from, Montreak and Quebec, and in winter monthly trips from St. John and Halifax. The contract is based upon a tonnage rate per voyage; and on an estimate of eighteen trips, the company would earn $50,- oco the first year. The consul-general adds that as there is a subsidy of $100,000 available, there is some talk of the company in- creasing the number of steamers, so as to give a weekly service during the summer. — rr a EASTERN FREIGHTS. Messrs. Funch, Edye & Co., New York, report the condi- tion of the Eastern freight market as follows: Chartering in all directions continues on a very limited scale owing tothe scarcity of orders. Grain shippers have still to contend against the continued high price of cereals and as long as shippers and buyers are as far apart in prices as at present, we fear there is little chance of any activity in grain chartering. Steamers have been obliged to find em- ployment in various other trades, principally for phosphate, timber and deals but even in these cases, owners have had to concede reductions in order to secure business. Alto- gether the situation is anything but encouraging. In regard to sail tonnage we can only note that the mar- ket continues apparently steady, with but small inquiry and very little business accomplished. An occasional change in rates has been in favor of shippers. Pintsch Gas Lighted Buoys. Adopted by the English, German, French, Russian, Italian and United States Light-House Departments for channel and harbor Over 1,000 gas buoys and gas beacons in service. Burn Continuously — from 80 to 365 days and nights without attention, and can be seen a distance of six miles, ...:... +. THE SAFETY CAR HEATING AND LIGHTING CO 160 Broadway, New York City. Avcust 15, 190 Controlled by GRAIN OUTLOOK AT DULUTH. There is now every indication of the heaviest grain ship- ments for the balance of the season from the head of the — lakes. The Duluth Daily Commercial Review says: : “The members of the Duluth Board of Trade, the Du- luth banks and grain elevators at the head of the lakes are preparing to handle, finance and warehouse what promises to be the banner grain ¢rop of the Northwest. The ability — of these institutions to do this cannot be questioned. They constitute a market that cannot be surpassed anywhere in — the world. The terminal system here is practically perfect. — The elevator capacity has been largely increased, and all the houses represent the latest practice in the handling and stor- ing of grain and the lowest charges in the world. The re- ceiving commision houses at the head of the lakes are bet- ter equipped than ever for serving the Western trade, and the commission charged is lower than that prevailing in any other market in this country. The shipping houses have enlarged their connections both at home and abroad, and the Western shipper is assured a market at Duluth 4 that is world-broad. “There is a demand here for wheat of all grades, and the competition’ among the local buyers will be keener than ever. Several new flax buyers have established offices on the Duluth board, which will broaden materially the mar- ket for this seed. One, and probably two, new barley con- cerns will be established. It is certain that the old contest between Duluth and Chicago on corn and oats will be maintained. “The transportation faciliiies in and out of Duluth are — unsurpassed. The equipment of the four grain receiving roads has been enlarged very materially, and the grain is — moved east via the different lake routes at rates that are — remarkably low. 2 “And a further and most important consideration rests — in the fact that we are assured this year of an inspection — that will guarantee the integrity of the grain. a “The trade here extends greeting to the grain growers of : the Northwest, feeling assured that the numerous ad-_ vantages of this market are thoroughly appreciated, and the good fellowship now existing will be stimulated and strengthened hereafter.” iio EXPOSITION OF FISHERIES AT ST. PETERSBURG. Consul-General Guenther sends the following from _ Frankfort: The Imperial Russian Association of Fisheries will hold an international expositicn in February and March, 1902, at St. Petersburg, for the purpose of showing the condition of the fresh and salt water fisheries of the world. The ex- pense of the exposition will be defrayed by the associatio the Crown, the municipal government, private contribu- tions, and by charges for exhibition space and for the admission of visitors. Premiums will be awarded in the form of gold, silver and bronze medals, diplomas of honor, and money prizes. The exposition will have nine de= pariments, as follows: (1) Fisheries in general; (2) salt and fresh water fisheries; (3) implements used in the fisheries industry; (4) products of the fisheries; (5) manner and means for preserving fish; (6) arrangement of fish hatcheries; (7) fishing sport; (8) aquariums and their inmates; (9) scientific researches concerning ¢ lives- of fishes, etc.