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SEPTEMBER I2, IgOI. SUN'S AMPLITUDES. The following approximate amplitudes of the Sun’s ris- ing or setting will be given each week in this column dur- ing the season of navigation. A second bearing may be taken by compass at sunset, by reversing the east bearing given for the nearest latitude, as the change in declination for a few hours makes but a slight difference in the true bearing of the sun’s setting. The bearing may be taken when the sun’s center is on the horizon, rising or setting. The elements which may be obtained by taking these am- plitudes are the quantities known as local attraction, va- riation and deviation, or the total difference between com- pass and true, or geographical bearings. LAKE ERIE AND S. END LAKE MICHIGAN, LAT. 42° N Date. Amplitude. Bearing P’ts. Bearing Comp. wept.it3....K; 5° N. == N. 73 BK. = EE. MN. Sept. 16....—. 4° N. =N. 75% E. = E. % N. Sept. 20....E. 1°9N. =N.7% KE. =E. % N. LAKE ONTARIO, S. END HURON AND CENTRAL, PORTION LAKE MICHIGAN, LAT. 44° N, Date. Amplitude. Bearing P’ts. Bearing Comp, Sept..13....H. 6°N.=N.7%E.=E. ¥%N. Sept. 16....E. 4°N. =N.7KH BE. =E %N Sept. 20....K. 1°N.=N.7%4% E.=E. %N N. END LAKES HURON AND MICHIGAN, LAT, 46° N, Date. Amplitude. Bearing P’ts. Bearing Comp. Sept. 13... .E.):6° N. = N. 736 HE. = BH. MN, Sept. 16....E. 5° N. =N.7% KE. =E. %N Sept. 20....E. 1°N. =N.7K E.=E. % N. LAKE SUPERIOR, LAT. 48° N. Date. Amplitude. Bearing P’ts. dae Comp. Sept. 13....E, 6° N. =N.7%E.=E. %N Sept. 16....E. 5°N. =N.7% BE. =E. % N. Sept. 20....E. 2° N SN. 7A. = Es KN: With a compass correct magnetic, the difference between the observed and true bearing or amplitude will be the variation for the locality. Should there be any deviation on the course the vessel is heading at the time of taking the bearing, the difference between the observed and the true amplitude after the variation is applied will be the amount of deviation on that course. If the correct magnetic bearing is to the right of the compass bearing, the devia- tion is easterly, if to the left, the deviation is westerly, or oe rr A PERPLEXING SITUATION. Steamships Meeting—Violation of Rules—The ocean steamships Crathorne and Acilia came into collision in the. Patapsco river on the afternoon of a clear day, at the point where the Ft. McHenry and Brewerton channels meet, at an angle of about 28°, the channel being at that point about 600 feet wide. The Crathorne was passing down from Baltimore at a speed of six miles, and the Acilia, which was a large ship, 452 feet in length, was com- ing up at a speed of ten knots or more. Each was in charge of a licensed pilot. When perhaps half a mile apart, the pilot of the Acilia ordered the wheel starboard, and two blasts of the whistle given; his purpose being to pass to the port side of the channel, in accordance with a claimed local custom, but in violation of the inland naviga- tion rules. Owing to a derangement of the whistle, the valve would not close, and but. one blast was sounded, which continued until-after the collision. The pilot of the Crathorne, taking the first sound of the whistle to be a signal to pass port and port, in accordance with the rules, answered with the same signal, and ported his helm. On THE MARINE RECORD seeing that the Acilia meant to pass across his bows, he reversed. Shortly before collision the Acilia also reversed, but made no change of course, and was making greater speed than the Crathorne at the time of collision. She did not hear the signal of the Crathorne, owing to the sound of her own whistle. Held, first, that the Acilia was in fault in going at a dangerous speed. under the circum- stances, but chiefly because of the violation of the rules by her pilot, but for which the collision would not have oc- curred; and, second, that the Crathorne was not guilty of contributory fault in failing to sound danger signals, which would have conveyed no information not, already in possession of the Acilia, nor because she did not sooner reverse, her pilot being justified in supposing, up to the time she did reverse, owing to the direction of the channel and the course the Acilia was then on, and in the absence of a contrary signal, that she would obey the rules, and change her course in time to avoid collision; further- more, owing to the continued blast of the Acilia’s whistle when she was manifestly not in distress, the pilot of the Crathorne was confronted by a perplexing situation, with- out fault of her own, in which he should not be held to the highest degree of promptness and certainty in his ac- tions. The Acilia, 108 Fed. Rep. (U. S.) 975. er WHY BOSTON IS SO CALLED. The majority of people know that Boston was named for the little English seaport town directly north of London at the mouth of “The Wash.’ But how many know how this little town came to have this name we all love so well? Many, many years ago, only 655 years after Christ, there was a very earnest English Monk named Botolph. He was given the choice of a location for a monastery, and, to the surprise of every one, chose a.wild, unsettled region near the sea, then called Icanoe. Here a monastery was built, and here the good St. Botolph lived all his life. The sailors and seafaring men knew of this kind-hearted monk, and oftentimes had reason to appreciate his kindly ,aid, for to every one in distress he was a father, Thus, when he passed away the sailors made him their patron saint.. His name, “Botolph,” meaning “boat help,” lent a superstitious charm to his memory, and ere long seamen or vessels in distress were supposed to be under his care. A hundred years after, the monastery was destroyed by an invasion of the Danes; but when a little village took its place, St. Botolph was not forgotten, and the village by the sea was given his name. With centuries of use the name St. Botolph took many changes, thus: Botolphtown, Botolston, Bostonton, Boston. In 1300, when it was called Boston, a very beautiful church was built there, and called “St. Botolph’s church.” There are now in England fifty churches dedicated to St. Botolph. John Cotton became the pastor of the Boston .church. After a three years’ pastorate John Cotton, with others, became a Nonconformist, or Puritan, and left England to join their friends, John Winthrop and others, in their settlement across the sea. This settlement was named Boston, in loving remembrance of their home in’ England, and was destined to be one of the most beautiful cities in the United States. So it is through the single-hearted piety and kindness of heart of the lonely English monk of Icanoe that we have every reason to be justly proud.—Boston Journal. SHIPYARD CONSOLIDATIONS. Plans are said to be worked out whereby all the leading shipbuilding concerns in the country are to be merged into one company. Uaited States steel interests and the Pennsylvania railroad are said to be backing the enterprise, The purchase of the Bethlehem Steel Co. by Mr. Schwab, the purchase of the Pennsylvania steel and Cambria steel by the Pennsylvania railroad, as well as the consolidation into one company of the Union Iron Works, the Risdon Iron Works andthe Moran Brothers’ shipyard are said to be steps in this project. Cramps, the American Ship Building Co., the Bath Iron Works, Roach’s, Newport News, and J. J. Hill's plant at new London will, it is said be included. In so far as the American Ship Building Co. is concerned there is no.one in authority who will farther or claim any connection with this far reaching and enterprising project of national importance. It may be said, that, where com- binations are formed, they are for mutual interest and ad- vancement, and such a situation argues that there should be an interchangeability of production, an interest of com- munities working along parallel lines. No such a condition exists relative to ocean, lake and coastal shipbuilding. The lakes may be considered neutral, or in a sense, exclusiye territory, in so far as shipbuilding is concerned, therefore, there is no competition or similarity of interests as between fresh an@ Salt water shipbuilding. jod <_<» A BRITISHER’S VIEW—SHIPS COOKS. Mr. Alfred I. Jones, of Liverpool, head of the Elder- Dempster shipping line, is the largest shipowner in the world —at any rate he claimed to be such the other day. His “obiter icta” in shipping matters are therefore of some conseqi 1-ce. He | ;$the worst thing that can happen to the United States’ to give one man a monopoly of the ocean. Nor ves he envy Mr. Pierpont Morgan the possession of the shi 3 “he has got so long as British shipowners have fair i3- play. °t. But the latter, for their part, must make their ships more safe and « ore pupular with British seamen, if they want to attract ‘the men who have made British shipping what it:is today. A oat deal depends on how the men are-treated. Fore- castles must be made more comfortable, and the Board of Trade should grant certificates of three classes to ships’ cooks. At-present, owing to indifferent sea cookery, as much food is wasted as is consumed on many a ship, and he would be glad to pay extra wages to efficient and certified ships’ cooks. an. fh THE NEW : BAUSCH é LOMB-ZEISS STERE Binocular Glasses. Used by the Armies and Navies of the World. Invaluable for Tourists, |fm Sportsmen and Every-day: |i: Use. Booklet Free. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. 3 i 1. New York. hicago. For sale by all dealers, oe Al” ek TR SACI en w= IRE” Sirdm atone Rie RS) awh a = aan, ‘en eee Becca. SHES Siete he ee = MARINE ENGINES, PROPELLER WHEELS, DECK. HOISTERS; Op ee @ 312 ATWATER STREET, THE —_ i) oe ae / Wiis: Bliss LIQUID yi COMPASS DETROIT, MICH. Made in seven sizes by JOHN BLISS & CO,, 128 Front Street, New York, sensitive, accurate and durable. Moves quickly and is extremely steady. pass ever made in this or any country. For sale by ship chandisss generally. is finely finished Is the best Liquid Com-