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various. states of manufacture,, twenty-nine: of, which ares: decided to buildtwo immense steamships for the Pacifie‘and can be ected and ‘ful kouer China trade of about:the:same size: as those now“at' New & i Ger. _», garrying out important, trials and spending large sums of) »London,vfor tthe: @reatiN of therm srailway }s1 STHey Wile of B ei ; money in, their development... Before. many,.yearshave about 28,000 tons or three times the capdetty! of ui average also so eatery that ther can use both coal ane » passed France will have, not: thirty-four but hundreds, withe: . SEPTEMBER 12,7 I9OT. THE‘SUBMARINE BOAT": » , At the present .time the French havé..thirty- four: boats in: electric submarine and five submersibles, ‘and. they are now’. .» . Which she would be able not.only.to. protect. her, ports, but’) _ to make attacks, ou,our fleet in,,much the, same way.as; the> ». bands of Boers are. ‘making gnerille., attacks, on),our. regular: army in the Transvaal}. Of the ‘continuous stream of, ships \ THE! MARINE’ RECORD. MORE MAMMOTH CARGO :STEAMERS. Et ig announced that»the» Northern Pacific” tailroad ‘has - Oeearlfraightensdw iiaoduide vo gatidotay to'seas 4 t Dit isa part of the scheriie'to drganizela fleet(of ‘large ‘ships. whickypddcording to the statetnebt of James J) Hill, owill'be able :to catry freight at’ one-halftHe cost'of érdinary vessels. Theydre! not intended’'to ‘niake: fastetineiebut a little smoke serge hes “rufgers ate “masut. je Consul Warner; of’ Leipzig, says that a new process. been patented by which coke can be. reduced to particles about 1 millimeter in size, stirred: toa paste i in a concentrated solution of resinic’ acid, atid. then:run. into briquéttthmolds. The briquettes’ are said: to-dry: much more quickly if aoe passing up and down the English -Channel--the busiest part of their cheapness of operation’ will consistin thebaving ganese is added to the above mentioned : adhesive solution steamship track on the globe—quite 90 per cent. -are, British” vessels, and upon them our mercantile greatness depends. ’ of coal ‘and the proportional reduction of crew. ‘The Great Northern’s ships: will ‘be completed next The consul adds that coke has long, been. used by Germ steamboat companies, factories, gas plants, and gente Let us suppose that in time of war 100.French submarines spring, if there is no delay in théirconstruction. Mr. Hill’s and it is expected that this new coke briquette’ w ill be gon- were let loose in the channel at night. These boats have’ plans for handling the business of the Orient on sucha large ‘sumed in much gréater center ‘by ‘all ‘of “these sae ‘ sufficient speed and radius of action to place themselves in scale have stitred up other transcontinental and steamship industries. PRONE, Hee i Sree the trade routes before the darkness gives place to day, and° | companies and it is reported that more: leviathans will. soon, * ES) sb & they would be capable of doing almost incalculable destruc- “be contracted for to be used in the rivalry. for. the: Asiatic. LETTERS AT DETROIT: M. ARINE® uta tion against unsuspecting and defenseless victims. , The : i same applies to the Mediterranean and other of our ocean highways within the danger zone of the submarine. The — % submarine boat has thus increased the value of the mechani- ., cal torpedo ten fold, ‘To the United ‘States: of America the submarine will be of inestimable henefit as it will render . the coast practically secure against attack from any country gs distance. of their littoral. kek by the. United States, is built on the Holland system, and excepting those having naval bases _ within éasy striking The boat,now universally adopted the new British boats building by Messrs. Vickers, Sons &.- ae Maxim, Limited, at Barrow-in- Furness, are of similar de-.. sign. They are to be equal in. speed to the French boats, ‘ and have other qualities not: attained. by these boats, the _mmuch in the same way as a porpoise. principle of which is that they, will: be .capable of “behaving - They are capable ° ss coming up and disappearing. instantly,.so that they can _thus determine exactly the mark to be aimed. at before dis- « .Charging the torpedo. ‘The quality of being able-to dive in. : a few seconds renders them much less vulnerable to attack e by artillery. As. to the periscope,of which the French, as speak .'so much,’ there is no doubt that when cruising sub- merged in the proximity of the enemy it will be very useful, It is an arrangement ‘whereby a view of the surface from 30 to 50 degrees can be obtained, and enables the boat when. -_, submerged to be.steered directly, for a visible point. The. Holland boat has a special. atrangement for effecting this. purpose, while enabling her to run ata distance below’ the surface, so. that no -visible trace of her can be seen, Such an arrangement places this country quite on a level with the - French nation, notwithstanding the fact that we may not. have iven. the. same amount of attention to submarine war- fare. It'is trie the spéed of the submarine boat is not great, o< but propréss is certain.” When ithe Whitehead torpedo was -))ofirst- introduced it hada low speed;. and; ppenérally-speaking,::, ‘cwas very uncertain as ‘to its’-direction;.depth; and applied). utility. ‘Now, however, it is capable of running within a- >: ‘aimed at with almost the same precision as a gun. ~. game maritier thereis'no ‘doubt the submarine’ ‘boat will be few inches of the required depth, ‘at’a speed of ‘over:27 miles ‘an hour for’a ratige up to. 2,000 yards, "and hitting the point. In the ’ improved,’ while’ there is a great field for: ‘development i in “veonnection Spe ap pensive battery. spicier art BBY. ae Peds van LAKE - FREIGHTS. Diet Hist ia ‘fe’ i8"still’ king’ and all’ efforts are: being®tade to to be hereafter dealt ith “send: ‘the product ahead. The rate is still fixed. “°°” Dulutii’ offers 2%{ cents on wheat, an “advance 6f’'4 cent” froth last ‘week’s quotation. Chicago is steady at 134’ cents,” - facturing interest. trade.; It is believed that a large part of the $12,000,000 voted by the Canadian Pacific railroad for the purchase of additional vessels will be spent for big ships, to compete in cheapness of Haul with Mr. Hill’s carriers. Further important developments in the steamship world are pending in connection with the plans of Morgan and Hill, who are working in harmony. There are indications that the ramifications of steamship lines in connection with their railroad systems will be carried considerably further, and that at no distant'day they will have a strong hold on many: of the most important markets of the world. rr or Sig sotrteg 9 STEEL CASTINGS. Referring to the annual meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute, recently held in London, the Iron and ‘Coal Saeed Review says: Of the papers, perhaps the most really solid and useful was that read by.Prof. Arnold on ‘‘The Properties of Steel Castings.’? This paper embodied the results of a series of important researches begun about six years ago at the Shef- field University College to determine the most important - unsolved ‘problems connected with the manufacture and treatment of steel castings—a matter that has naturally a great importance for Sheffield, where probably a full half of ‘all the steel castings now made in this country are ‘produced. In this series, the material dealt with consisted entirely of crucible steel manufactured from the best Swedish iron} ‘but: as the total imports of such iron into this country do not, exceed 55,000 to 70,000 tons a year, it is, clear that the mat- ‘ter, after all, has a limited range from that elevated pdint of, view. The conclusions to which the learned professor's first series of experiments have led him are thus summarized: The lessons taught by the data set forth in the preliminary experiments detailed in this paper show that pure iron’and. ‘carbon steel is not a suitable material for fulfilling the mod- ‘ern. specifications:drafted by engineers for’ steel castings. With iron’and carbon castings the ductility demanded can - be insured with ease, but with such ductility it is surpeedole to correlate the required tenacity. The latter property, it is true, can be obtained from iron and carbon castings, but. at the expense of an almost complete loss of ductility. There- fore, as has already been remarked, excepting the nearly "pure iron, the series of castings described have small manu- Nevertheless, they form the basis upon which the mechanical inflpence of silicon and manganese, can alone be scientifically ‘ _ measured. “On rare occasions, under certain, at present unknown, “conditions of, melting, steel casting may possess properties ath WPHE timber rate still holds at ‘$2.50 pet® Me feet) though: practically identical with those .of forged steels of similar 2 gy G2 vy has been paid to nee from thé héad ‘of thetidked “chemical composition. toa gle cartering. © HEIST @s id t sigo anti ney “eal rates” are sida that WeerW quidtarions?” moe c aorg to advance Ms per 86 as to secure “all” Rvaranie “x So: stag b aeoty oe : ZayY PS oN toittiage. 88 GOS NSBY : ffi BIGGS ietes © : 5 thy se ty 3 WAL O25! REVENUE CUTTER’ SERVICE. pt. Shoemaker, chief’ ‘Of the revenue cutter service, has | issued" | preliminary ‘orders to the force of’ reventie* ciitter “vessels, which i is to ‘keep the course ‘Clear during the America’s © Cup re races. Capt. ‘Walker ‘will bei in’ cbmmand, ‘and these’ “cutters have ‘been ordered to ‘assist hint at New York’ Sep- tember 15: The Algonquin, ‘Onondaga, “Windom; ‘Gresham, Seminole, Dallas and Dexter. In addition td thése’ Capt. ‘Walker will have the assistance of several steam yachts, on” each one of which a revenue Cutter officer’ Will be'stationed. Buifféto ie” But such cases form the exception, _which prove the general rule, that the mechanical properties ‘of annealed castings are much inferior to those of worked, steels, This is the more ‘remarkable. because the same chem- Teal” ‘composition, the same specific gravity, and the same ~“ micro- -structute can ‘be produced in a casting as in a forged * steel, yet the mechanical properties, of the latter, will be enormously superior. pedlaen ‘A NEW GERMAN FUEL, The Iniperial German Navy and some German. ‘manufac tiirérs aré using large quantities of ‘‘masut’’ (an oily product of German ‘brow coal tar) for heating and steam-producing purposes. "‘The‘advantages over coal are stated as follows: (x) “The heat-producing qualities of *masut” are said to be one-fourth greater than those of coal; (2) the oil is easier to . boiler. “SEPTEMBER Irth, Igor. To get any of these'letters,;-addressees or their authorized agents will apply:at:the general‘delivery window or write to the. postmaster, at, Detroit, calling for ‘‘advertised’? matter, giving the date of this, list and paying one cent... A vertised ‘matter, is previously , held, ‘one..week awaiting delivery. ‘It is held two weeks. before i it bai to the Dead Letter Office-at, Washington} DayC.ocs Adams;F...0.;:Matoa., ies McNally. fell: 2°Curtis!: PEO 1 48 Daya Ackley G: M., Ericsson’ -Macaule} Reuinteth, Pale Annal Rob’t, McNutt Ed., Manola’ Brenner Al., Colonel McLeod H. F. Pratt es Bunell Louis, Stafford: '*’ McSween Win.” ‘ McLaughlin Jno., mien at _ McCarter. Jobn,, ’ Pfeifer Emil, rince Peterson Will, Tacom: Potter Atma’) % > “Philbriek Dell: Brittson:E. Fy, Castalia Bowen L,. L.. Bruggeman Jno, A. Bellnap Kelly, ‘2: ee Brahmer. John, Reson Y S opey: Wades Hattie. arson , 2, Pierce. ‘ongie,ysRiley Frank; No h: Christiansen Chas. ea Ranier snk, Novth ten 2 Currie Ray,. ecome -- ; Roeheleau,F..E,, Harper si » Denges’ Bert./ Glasgow" ~~ Rice WD. \Dyekman Lester Ay.» ©) Sisson’, Ay 2 of = ‘Eby Frank, Raleigh '».. «:. Senciante Beery) inpokst . Friedrick 1. PRs an Simen Eugene, 2 aa omg Gordon Cap’t D. . ~—s’ Samer Max, Bangor _ Gray‘ W: Ro 2 Maiitow “+ “Spaulding H. W. - Green Mrs, ‘Alice eoeteee ' Vanderhoef E K., Wolyin Headley Geo. @'! 2) 9 Go.Wilodghby Henty! 3 ‘Colonel Hickey Thos., Farwell: ). s:< Williams F.Q:, Colby:y2% Hill A..B., St. Paul; oé1 WilsonjW.-H., Graiwick i Hill Harry, 2 Arthur Webb J. H.. 2 Be ‘“Kazlaske M?, Kaliyuga Wrighton W., Ogen ‘LaBelle’ James’ : Wagner Billy, Capt: “Wilgdh Markey Mark, 2: Rensselaér » Wagner Will;“Rensselaéré Moss James 40» eo Neleh Geo; Herpet Morgan Chas, »J,,,:2- Swaltis : Ward, Andrew... 5 Millen Sidney Jes Maunalog, ‘Webb :Bs GC; gatai : : ts erga 3 DICKERSON, NOTICE TO MARINERS. _ GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN, * ENTRANCE GAS, Buoy. No, + —Noticeis hereby given. that ou 8 _ Entrance Gas Buoy. No, nds ‘mooted on. the easterly... .side.. of the entrance to dredged channel Jeading : to the month of Fox river, southerly. end of Green Bay,. Wisconsin, reported August 7, Igor, as not flashing, has, been. tepaired and is flashing as follows: Snake seats Fixed white, eight seconds; eclipse, six seconds, 3 ont By authority « ofthe Light- -House Board.., reir aySiy tue ake M. SYMONDS, Commandesal S.No Tuapector Cie L. H. District. ng rf ou GP ai TI THE ‘British report on, ‘water- tobe boiler. Realaegnn ks that six, of the eleven cases reported since, 1894). ee a small tube ‘boilers for. destroyers. “OF, these;. four erg the result of the use of copper, which has long ; since. been, dis- carded, as it was proved to be unreliable. The case..of:.the experimental Babcock and, Wilcox boijer was.also.for a destroyer built at Fairfield, wand the circumstances of the explosion were not due, in any: way, fo the design. Of: the Three of the cases were, due #9 defective, or careless workmanship, so that it may be. said that. seyen cases were either owing to material or _workmanship, _ In, the..other four cases the Belleville gave way. , owing,: to, obstruction either from salting up or other cause. _Frem the eleven, ex- plosions six deaths resulted; while had one cylinder, boiler explcded on board ship the fatalities would probably have been as great, especially in view of the high steam pressure.