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ESTABLISH ED 1878. VOL. XXIV, No. 41. ‘CLEVELAND =--OCTOBER 10, 1901 -- CHICAGO. AUILETTARRNS J $2.00 Per Year. 102. Single Copy LAKE CARRIERS’ ASSOCIATION. To consider and take action upon all general questions relating to the navigation and carrying business of the Great.:Lakes,: maintain necessary shipping offices and in general to protect the common interests of Lake Car- riers, and to improve the character of the, -: service rendered to the public. PSA Sony os PRESIDENT. A. B. WoLvin, Duluth. TST VICE-PRESIDENT. “ GO ee Capt. J..G. Kr1Tx, : PER s Chicago, ‘ SECRETARY. ia » CHARLES H. KEEP, : ¥ Buffalo, TREASURER. GEORGE P. McKay, Cleveland, ue COUNSEL. HARVEY D. GOULDER, Gieaenugs EXECUTIVE AND FINANCE COMMITTEE. JAMES CORRIGAN, Chairman, Cleveland. COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION. - Gipson IL. DoucrLas, Chairman, Buffalo, COMMITTEE ON AIDS TO NAVIGATION. GEORGE P. McKay, Chairman, Cleveland, A NATIONAL NAVAL RESERVE. Definite plans are being formulated at. the Navy Depart- ment for recommendation to Congress for the organization of a Federal Naval Reserve. It will be remembered that for several years past there has been a disposition on the part of the present Secretary of the Navy todo allin his power looking to the establishment of a well-equipped and organ- ized reserve force for the Navy. last. year it was evident that Congress was favorable to the project, but notwith- standing this the bills introduced were «never acted upon. It is believed and hoped, however, that there will be no trouble this year to obtain the passage of a bill providing for such an organization. Lieutenant Commander Southerland of the Navy has been’ greatly interested for some time in efforts to obtain au- thority for the organization of a Naval Reserve, but, as: he will make a report in the near future to the Secretary of the Navy, he refuses to divulge now the places which have been made. . It is known, however, from other sources what the salient features will be of the recommendations to be made this year to Congress. The object of the Naval Re- serve is to have in readiness for any emergency a well- trained force of officers and men, who can be depended upon for service on the outer line of sea defenses. .It is proposed to havea special clause put in the enlistment papers of Coast Signal Service men and men of the Light-House Ser- vice providing that in time of war or other emergency their services can be called upon for the inner line of defense or coast defense, under penalty of desertion. Several suggestions of more or less. merit have been made to the Navy Depastment for the organization of a Naval Re- serve. The one which meets with the most favor, however, is that which looks to the establishment all over the country of naval districts at which will be located ‘‘ship’s companies”’ of the Reserve, which will be given each year regular train- ing on board some vessel of the Navy.. These companies will be under the command of the Naval Reserve officers, none of whom will hold rank higher than lieutenant com- mander, and who will be under the orders of the regular Naval officers when the company is at sea. The idea is to have the yearly training conducted in every particular as if the Reserve men were regularly enlisted men of the Navy. There will be no way of getting out of the hard work inci- dent to the life of every seaman, and as the men. will:be en- listed in the Reserve, they will be obliged to obey all orders given them by any officer. “It is the idea of the Department at first to form ree Nayal Reserve as far as possible from what is the present Naval required for the expanded Navy. Militia, The men will be given an opportunity to enlist in the Reserve and the officers will be taken into the Reserve without any examination. later officers for the Reserve will have to appear before a board composed of regular officers of the Navy, who will determine their fitness for commissions in the Reserve. As to the strength of the Reserve, a majority of officers of the Navy think that it should be of like size to the regular Navy. That is, for every enlisted man of the Navy there ‘should. be an enlisted man of the Reserve. It is not be- lieved, however, that Congress will agree to sucha large force at. the start, but probably the Reserve will begin with an enlisted strength of 7,000 men. . The officers of the Re- serve will be carried in the regular manner upon the _ Navy register, and promotion in the force will take place i in a similar manner to promotion in the regular Navy. During the cruises of the reserve the officers and men will receive the. pay of the grade which they may hold: It is not pro- posed to call upon the states for any support whatever. _ The project of having a Naval Reserve is'a most excellent one for many reasons, and, The Army and Navy Journal says we.are glad to see that it meets with the general. ap- proval of the service. Our experiences in- the late war should show how extremely difficult, and in fact impossible it is, to get upon short notice the hundreds of enlisted men In time of peace it is only too hard to get men for the Navy, and if war should suddenly break out it would be impossible to get enough tien to put into commission all of the vessels of the Navy. How advantageous then, wouldit be to have a well-equipped and trained force always in readiness for active service on the vessels of the Navy. .As far as men are concerned. we would then have a force probably sufficient to care for all of the regular ships of the Navy, as wellas for the many auxiliary vessels which would be called into immediate. ser- vice. We hope the recommendations to be. made by the Secretary in this regard will meet with unqualified support by. Congress. : ee et CANADIAN RESOURCES AND PRODUCTS. ‘(FROM AN ADDRESS BY JOHN CHARLTON, M. P.) Itis safe to say that the present surplus of Canadian pro- ‘ducts can be increased twenty-fold, leaving ample stores reserved for the wants of the population that will flow into the northwest. Outside of this great region the older Pro- vinces, the Maritime Provinces, Quebec and Ontario, and British Columbia, contain an area of 997,000 square miles, and possess enormous agricultural, mineral and timber resources. The northwest is rich in iron, coal, petroleum, copper and gold. Thesame is true in a more remarkable degree of British Columbia, and applies also to the terri- tories of the other Provinces. The timber resources of the Dominion are very extensive, and vill prove a possession of great valuein thefuture. Nocountry in the world is pos- sessed of more extensive or valuable fisheries. We have not only those of the Atlantic coast, which have been fairly well developed, but we possess fisheries of enormous value in Hudson Bay and inthe Arctic waters, and all of the great interior lakes contain swarms of whitefish and trout of the finest quality. Hudson Bay is.a great inland sea, entirely within: the boundaries of Canada. Itis 1,100 miles in length, includ- ing Chesterfield inlet, its northwest arm, and James Bay, its southern extension, and coyers an area of. over 350,000 square miles. Itis larger than the German Ocean, whose fisheries yield a,return of over $40,000,000 annually. It has cod banks, walrus and whale fisheries, and upon its east shore are salmon streams, and enormous deposits of iron ore conveniently situated for shipment. The chief river systems of Canada are the St. Lawrence and the MacKenzie. The latter flows into the Arctic Ocean. The Athabasca is the’ most southern tributary, It receives the waters of the Peace river and the Athabasca river, the tributaries of Athabasca Lake, the tributaries of Great Slave Lake, and the tributaries of Great Bear Lake, Laird river, Hay river, and ‘numberous other streams. The navigation of this great system of lakes and rivers will exceed 7,000 ‘miles in length, and, will require the improvement of only one short series of rapids on Slave river, between Athabasca and. Great Slave Lakes. This great northwest region by means of short lines of railway can lay down its productions cheaply . at harbors on Hudson Bay. Less than 200 miles of railway, will connect Chesterfield Inlet with the navigable waters tributary to Great Slave Lake. A line of railway 400 “miles in length would connect the eastern end of Lake Athabasca with the fine harbor at Port’ Churchill, on Hudson Bay. Hither of these two routes could draw business from the entire navigable stretches of the Macken- zie system, and would, if access to. open sea is attainable, afford a practicable outlet to all the regions of the northwest adapted to the growth of grain. If Hudson Straits are navi- gable for four or five months in the year, this will be the Toute to’ the markets of the world for the great region, with its untold future possibilities, embraced within the limits of the grain growing area of the northwest —_ 2 oo INCRUSTATION OF BOILERS. The Revista Minera Melalurgica y de Ingeneria, of Madrid, the leading journal of its class in Spain, speaking of preven- tives of incrustation of steam boilers, says; ., The use of zinc. to prevent the oxidation of the iron and the incrustation in steam boilers has greatly increased during recent years. Heretofore, zinc has been employed for this purpose only in the shape of raw pigs, but after many ex- periments made by the society of ‘‘Mines et, Fonderies de Zinc de la Vieille Montagne,’’ which have since been. con- firmed by the British’ Admiralty, by the national French marine, and many great maritime companies, it has been established that compressed laminated zinc made in the form of thick plates for application as an inside boiler lining is greatly superior to the old method. In fact, the galvanic current developed transforms the pig of raw.zinc intoa more porous substance, in which the metallic.molecules are in- sulated one from the other by. the corrosion which is quickly produced, resulting inthis, that the intimate metallic con- tact, which causes the generation of the electric current, is eliminated. Compressed laminated zinc, on the coutrary, resists the spongy internal corrosion, as it corrodes only on the surface, thus .being very slowly consumed and being capable of conducting, the current as long as a metallic nucleus remains, The application of the. laminated plates is very simple. They are applied to the walls of the boilers by means of strips and are so distributed that the galvanic action is exercised in an even way, when possible, over the entire surface of the iron. When oxidation is produced in any part.of the boiler, it is because the nearest zinc plate is too far away. . By this employment of pressed -zinc the in- crustation of the boilers is avoided, and at small cost. oreo or THE, cruiser Jeviathan for the British navy was recently launched on the Clyde from the shipyard of Messrs. John Brown & Company...When completed, this vessel. will be the heaviest cruiser afloat, even excelling!those built for the Japanese navy. Sheis the first of what is known as the ‘‘Drake’’ class, and was ordered in 1899. The vessel is 500 feet'in’ length, and displaces 14,160 tons. The engines are to'develop 30,000 horse-power, which will produce a speed of 23 knots. Her armor is also considerably heavier than that of any other ship of her class.