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OCTOBER 24, I9OI. THE MARINE RECORD. 15 OCEAN CURRENTS. - I have read with much interest the theory as to deep sea currents, recently published in the MarINE RECORD, from the pen of Capt. Shurburne. The immense volume of water ' which is continually flowing into the Mediterranean Sea must haye an outlet, which can only be afforded by numer- ous fissures;.in..the sea bed, through which the redundant water must flow into subterranean currents, and onward to the ocean. But the inflowing current, unlike the Gulf Stream, is diffusive, and equals the water of the Mediter- ranean in temperature. The water of the Gulf Stream may be slightly varied in its composition from the surrounding element through which it passes, but, the geyser theory, as to its origin, is not allowable. If this vast current were forced out from a given point in ‘the ocean bed it would mingle with the surrounding waters. From many sound- ings in the past the. fact is fully established that itis an independent current; even the water beneath its whole course is of a different nature and temperature, proving con- clusively that it is not forced upward from the depths of the earth, But while it refuses to mingle with the water of the ocean, throughout its extended course it blends with the atmosphere with surprising persistency. Its lightnings and tempests and diffusing heat, which tempers the climate of the western coast of a continent and numerous islands, all remind us that in the atmosphere may be found the origin Of this mighty influence. If the sun has an immense orbit, which is not improbable, the earth which attends it must, be moving through. space with electric velocity, friction would produce an opening into the actual condition of space through which we are passing and reveal that consuming power called electricity. This theory being considered, is it improbable that some action of the elements in the direction of the Gulf Stream may cause a rift in the atmosphere which would allow, this electric force to penetrate the water with sufficient’ power to disturb its composition and propel this mighty current with its attending heat ard electric’ jotien, «ff 8 ; ee \ (CHARLES F, PALMER. Brockton, Mass. / “A GREAT ENGINE. Capt. Thomas’ Bixby, under whom Samuel M. Clemens (Mark Twain) served as pilot and ‘‘engineer’’ on the old Mississippi river boat Swallow, has given the following de- scription of the engine of the Swallow: . “The Swallow had the queerest sort of engine that was everseen. The craft itself was a little shaky—it only plied between St. Louis and Cairo—being about 30 feet long, with -a stern wheel, a place for freight and passengers, a pilot house, and a place on what may be called the pilot deck for the engine. That engine went aboard when it,was needed, and only. then. It burned no wood nor coal, but ate a pow- erful site of grass. It was a large grey mule named Jerry, which worked a treadmill that propelled the boat. Sam Clemens—you know his name of Mark Twain came later— was chief engineer and pilot. ‘He hada system of signals . and they were ingenious. By pulling a cord he could raise a-head of cabbage just out of the reach of the mule. The ‘engine would start for it and begin to walk after it, and the boat floated mzjestically on down the river or up, as the case might be. When Sam. wanted to stop he would pull a rope attached to the feed box of the engiae. Without intending to be personal, I will say that Jerry was one of the most in- telligent animals lever met. His voice was more on the or- der of a fog horn than’a whistle—it was too much of a bar- itore for the latter. When'Sam wanted to whistle fora janding he hit Jerry with a stick. If he wanted, in the pro- ane language “f the river pilot, to go ahead like h—, he fgave J erry a touch of the whip.”’ ( ORDERS FOR MORE NEW TONNAGE. Mr. D. R. Hanna, representing the Franklin Transporta- tion Co., which was incorporated at Columbus this week, has placed'an order with the American Ship Building Co, for two vessels that will have a carrying capacity of §,0co tonseach. The steamer will be the same size as the steam- ers Gilchrist’ and Lake Shore of the Gilchrist fleet, which came out this season. She will be 356 feet keel and 50 féet beam. The barge will be 366 feet keel and 40 feet beam, The steamer, which will be built at Detroit, will be delivered next June, but the barge will not be completed uutil July. She will be built at Buffalo, ‘The new ships will be up-to- date in every respect and will be among the finest freighters on the lakes, ‘The’steamer will carry 4,700 tons and the carrying capacity of the barge will be. 5,300 tons. The new boats will be operated in the coal and ‘ere trades ‘between Ohio ports and Lake Superior. Like the boats of the Calu- met Transit Co., the new ships will be handled in the office of M. A. Hanna & Co. : ' The incorporators of the Franklin Transportation Co: are Messrs. D, R. Hanna, C. C. Boltoy, S. Hitchcock, John J. Purcell and Andrew Squire.’ The capital stock is $300,000. Mr, D. R. Hanna will be president, Mr. S. Hitchcock, treas- urer, and Mr. John J. Purcell, secretary. _—_. ED OO SS Capt. A. Gallagher, of the steamer Indiana, reports to the hydrographic department.a least depth of water of fourteen feet on a shoal about 600 feet due west of the. harbor en- A yacht of 750 tons burden to be propelled by Parsons turbine machinery, is being built to the order of Sir Christopher Furness, M. P., by Messrs. Alexander Stephens & Sons, Ltd., Linthouse, Govan. She will be numbered among the famous floating palaces. THe CHase MacdHine ENGINEERS AND MACHINISTS. MANUFACTURERS, UNDER THE CHASE PATENTS, OF Fog Whistle Machines, Hoisting Engines, Power and Diop Hammers, and other achinery. 111 ELM STREET. TELEPHONE, MAIN 994. ‘ Steering Engines’ . Automatic Towing-Engines, Engineers’ Supplies and General Jobbing. JOHN DONNELLY, SR., Pres. Company, CLEVELAND, O. PRACTICAL LAKE TOURS. | For further particulars see ‘Passenger Lines on the Lakes,”’ page 18. the sailor!’ By Thos. Mc. Kenzie. apres 12 th cloth, $1.50, by mail, prepaid. MECHANICS. The Masine Record, Western BETWEEN DETROIT AND CLEVELAND.— Detroit & Cleve- land Navigation Co., Detroit. CLEVELAND AND CANADA.— Lake Erie Naviga- tion Co., Walkerville, Ont. : MILWAUKEE AND MICHIGAN Ged oodisch Transportation Co., Chicago, — land VELAND AND BUFFALO, N. Y.— Cleve’ aes Buffalo Transit Co., Buffalo. vats he- TORONTO, MONTREAL AND QUEBEC. Ric ° lieu & Ontario Navigation Co., Montreal. ST. JOSEPH AND BENTON HARBOR. agin action Line, Benton Harbor, Mich. : NDSOR AND SAULT STE. MARIE, Marti OOo" TO MICHIPOCOTEN.—Algoma _ , Central Steamship Line, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. ii VELAND DETROIT, ‘SOO,” eee Erie & Western Trans- po’ tation Co. (Anchor Line), Buffalo. CHICAGO, CHARLEVOIX AND MACKINAW.— Manitou Steamship Co., Chicago. tk DO & SARNIA, DETROIT & ST. CLAIR ESE POR1S.—White Star Line, Detroit. BUFFALO, CHICAGO AND INTERMEDIATE PORTS OF CALJ,.— Northern Steamship Co., Buffalo. IF U Want a PUMP or SYPHON Write to th- BE. W. Vanduzen Co. of Cincinnati, O., for their cata- logue 76 They give you facts and figures about their Steam he Pumps. A vostal will bring ull information Sy return mail free of charge. « THE BE. W. VANDUZEN CO., Cincinnati, O. D. KAHNWEILER’S SON Applied to the: requirements ° Reserve Bldg., Cleveland, O NEVERSINK CORK JACKET AND LIFE BELT. ‘Warranted; 24 tb. Buoyancy and full Weight of Cork, as required by J. S. Inspectors. Consolidated Cork Life Preservers. Superior to all others. B e Rings Buoys.and Fenders. /, Approved and adopted by U. S. Board of Supervising Inspectors. ; Also adopted by the principal Ocean, Lake and River Steamer wees end for atalogue. . Awarded four medals by World’s Columbian Exposition. NETALLIC and od tis ‘Metallic’ Life Rafts, Marine Drags. cheapest and most compact Life Raft known. logue, Get our prices before buying elsewhere. ae ie ‘an vs & > ' mS ¢ JOHN DONNELLY, JR., Vice Pres. SAFEST CHEAPEST. the only Reliable Life Preserver. Vessels and trade supplied. Manufacturer of Woolsey’s Patent Life Buoy, which is the lightest, Send for illustrate S, 437 Pearl St. New York City. H. B. FOLGER, Treas. THOS. DONNELLY, Srovy. THE DONNELLY SALVAGE AND WRECKING KINGSTON, ONT. EXPERIENCED DIVERS, TUGS, STEAII PUMPS, ETC., SUPPLIED ON SHORTEST NOTICE. - Sellers Restartind Injector | A strictly first class machine at moderate cost. j Perfectly auto- matic, :-has wide range of capaci- ties, and raises water promptly with hot or cold pipes. Very simple,, has few parts and is easily repaired . All parts interchangeable, made of . the best bronze, and the workman- ship is perfect. Send. for. special catalogue descriptive of this Injector. JENKINS. BROTHERS, Setting Agents] f New York, Boston’, Pxita. Cxicaco cata-