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_ NovEMBER 7, Igol. THE MARINE RECORD. 1) THE ENGINEER OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. a ee es RICHELIEU’S HULL ONLY SLIGHTLY . (BY VICTOR C. ALDERSON, DEAN OF ARMOUR INSTITUTE OF TECH NOLOGY ,CHICAGO, ILL.) a ye The. twentieth. century will be pre- feminently the age: “of _ the engineer—the man of applied science. It will be per- meated by the scientific spirit. Historically speaking, this scientific spirit has long’been in the minds of men, but only within the small reach of'the latter part of the nitleteenth century has it filtered through to the masses, influenced their daily life, and become an important’ factor in the ins To realize what inventiveness and in- ° genuity—the precursors of. the scientific spirit—have done,. dustrial world. : note that in 1819 the cost of ruling 1co reams of paper by hand was $400; the same work can be done now by ma- chinery at a cost of 85 cents. The watch that in 1862 cost $65.41 made by hand can now be made by machinery for $1. 10. To print 100 rolls of wall paper. ‘by hand would cost. $42.60, but with the aid of machinery it would cost orily | 13 cents. The next 25 years will show still more marvelous im- provements, for the work of the engineer has just begun. Wherever new lands are to be opened, bridges built, rail- roads constructed, water cr sewerage systems installed, , there the civil engineer will be needed. Wherever in the -hroad field of industrial activity new machinery is to he devised, more economical power plants constructed, cheap- ened processes of manufacture invented, or new applica- ’ tions of electricity suggested, there the mechanical engi- neer, the chemical engineer, or the electrical engineer will find his special field of activity.: - It is pertinent to ask, then,-what kind of a man will the . twentieth century engineer be? In the first place he will bea cultured man. “By culture I mean,” said Charles Dud- ley Warner, “that fine product of opportunity and scholar- ship which-is to mére knowledge what manners are to the gentleman.” In the future this culture will not come from a study of the classics, but from a familiarity with the best literature in the modern languages. While the education of the engineer must come largely from the shop and the laboratory, yet no error can be greater than to suppose that he can divorce himself from books. Herein are the records of those experimenters who, perchance, have tried and failed; likewise the stories of successes; from both the engineer may learn much. Engineerins literature in books, in the technical press, in the publications of technical col- leges, and in the proceedings of engineering societies. is growing apace. As neither the lawyer, the doctor, nor the minister can succeed without a well-selected library, so the engineer cannot hone to succeed without the aid of the published records of the work which other members of his nrofession have accomplished. ‘the man who would pretend to succeed without the aid of books is the so-called practical man, the rule of thumb man. but he is rapidly passin away and his place is being -taken from the technically trained man—the one who had learned from the shop, the laboratorv. the book, the ‘funda- mental principles of science and their applications. ‘The industrial ruler of the twentieth centurv will be the engi- _neering specialist, who will add to sound veneral scholar- ‘sup and broad scientific training hichly specialized know- ledge in some chosen field of work. He will be a practical idealist. He will be so trained that he can correctly use his constructive imagination, can reason accurately and clearly, and throu~.. nrinted records can make use of the work of his predecessors. » x x x OO SOO OS “CHARLESTON AND ITS EXHIBITION.” e: This is the title of a 32-page pamphlet which has been ‘issued by the Department of Promotion and Publicity of the. South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposi- _ tion, to be held at Charleston, S. C., December 1, 1901, to June 1, 1902. Th‘s pamphict is illustrated with ten maps and diagrams and is written by Alexander D. Anderson. It gives an historical note note relative to the exposition and the city of Charleston, the advantages of the city as a seaport, its harbor. tributary country, railways, cotton belt, pine belt, coal and iron, corn belt, phosphates, rice fields, tea culture, silk culture, manufactures, etc. This exposi- tion will show to the South and our West Indian posses- sions the advantages of Charleston as a seaport and com- ~-mercial center. It is stated that manv manufacturers are availing themselves of the opportunitv of securing. space at the exposition to show their goods. feet of mud,.as marks on her would indicate. ' ‘and Kuskokwim rivers. ; DAMAGED. The steamer Richelieu entered the government Ne dock at Kingston Monday. From, appearances; it is judged that the Richelieu went down bow first and sunk in about’ fifteen teen days transpired from the time the Donnelly Company got the first chain on the steamer until she entered the dock; within that time storms were so severe that: work could notsbe carried on for two days. There are only two places on the hull that. will require patching, at a cost of $100 or thereabouts. Selby & Yould- en repaired the hull. Her upper works are badly damaged and will have to be replaced, at a cost of from $2,500 to $3,000. The machinery will need cleaning to put it in workable shape. Carpenters will be put to work and it is expected that i in a couple of weeks the steamer‘ will be fully restored.; The’ Donnelly Company has done good work, and John Donnelly in charge of the. -wreckers, is. receiving: . ‘the warmest congratulations of his friends. The Richelieu sunk in 65 feet of water at the foot of Lake Ontario in a very exposed place. The wrecking com- pany were delayed eight days by rough weather.. This steamer was chartered by The Bay of Quinte Steamboat Co. and sunk while bound from Picton to Kingston with 65 tons of tomatoes on deck and five large cases of silverware. No instance on hull or cargo. ror or i LAKE SUPERIOR LEVELS. The stage of Lake Superior in October, as recorded by the U. S. gauge at Houghton, Mich., was 1.31 feet above low water datum. ‘This is: slightly lower than for the pre- ceding month, although the fall was only.o.01 foot. At Du- luth the recorded fall was a little more, it being 0.07 foot. The normal fall from September to October is 0.04. ‘The lake has evidently begun its annual recession, and may be expected to fall gradually from now on for several months. It is safe to. say, however, that there will be a good stage for vessels during the remainder of this season. The rain- fall at Duluth for October was 2.01 inches, as reported by U. S. Forecast Officer Richardson, showing a deficiency of 0.63 inch from the normal rainfall. This variation is not great. : “The October stage of the lake was 0.48 foot lower than in October a year ago, but. it is 0.51 higher than the average October stage for a period of 26 years.—As recorded by J. H. Darling, U. S. Assistant Engineer. oo HIGHEST MOUNTAIN IN. NORTH AMERICA. The “National Geographic Magazine” for August, 1901, contains an article with an accompanying sketch map of Mount McKinley, Alaska. With an altitude of 20,464 feet, this is the highest mountain in North America. It forms the central point of an enormous and surpassingly grand mountain mass situated at the headwaters of the Sushitna The range is a portion of the Cordilleran system of North America, which follows in a general way the contour of the west coast of the continent through Alaska and down the Alaskan Peninsula. The mountain group is extremely rugged, and is covered with snow and ice to within 2,000 or 2,500 feet of sea level. ‘The Chulitna river, the chief source of the Sushitna river, at the base of the mountain, has an altitude of only about 500 © feet, showing that in the 30 miles between the summit of the mountain and the river there is a descent of 20,000 feet. ‘Mount McKinley was known to the Russian settlers nearly 100 years ago, and was called “Bulshaia” (big) by them. The first American to see the mountain and pub- lish an account of it was a prospector named W. A. Dickey (in 1897), who gave it its present name.. Mr. Rob- ert Muldrow, the writer of the magazine article referred to, made the only measurements of height ever obtained of this mountain in the summer of 1898 while exploring the Sushitna river with a party from the United States Geo- logical Survey. It is situated in latitude 63 degrees 5 min- utes north, longitude 151 degrees west. : —_— re a eae According to the Canadian Engineer the Canadian Pa- cific is to build a new steamship for their Empress line, acquire fourteen steamers of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Co., build a new boat for the Vancouver-Vic- toria route and a new upper lake boat of 1,800 tons. Bonds for £480,000 will be issued to defray the cost. Exactly thir-’ -man.I ever did business with: NOTES. “The Spreeue Electric Co. recently held its ‘i nT méeting and. re-elected the following officers for the ensuing year : John: Markle, president; Edward C. Platt, first vice-preéi- dent; Allen C. Bakewell, second vice-president, yy Swartz, secretary and treasurer. THE torpedo boat Chauncey, built for the United Stats Government by Neafie & Levy Co., of Philadelphia, was launched October 26. Mrs, Mae Chauncey Stevens iE odd, great-granddaughter of Commodcre Chauncey, was spon- ‘Sor. ‘The Chauncey is a sister ship of the Bainbpidee launched some time ago, and the Barry, now being built. Tue following | is thé program for naval increase Fecda mended this year by Navy Board on Construction : Battle- ships, 4;. armed cruisers, 2; gunboats, 6; destroyers, 2} gunboats of 600 tons, 6; light draught gunboats of 200 tons, 10; colliers, 3; repair ship, 1; transport, 1. It is believed that this program will be recommended to Consness by “Secretary Long Tuer Lidgerwood Manufacturing Co., of New York Ci, has received four gold medals, one silver medal and one bronze medal for their Various exhibits at the Pan-Amer- ican Expositon. All of the awards were the highest given in each narticular class, and include a gold medal for min- ing engines and general hoisting engines, a _ gold medal’ for electric battleship hoist, such as_ the company. furnished the United States steamship Kearsage and ~ United States steamship Ken- tucky, and a, gold medal for the Lidgerwood-Miller ma- rine cableway, for coaling vessels at sea. Also a silver medal for elctrical hoisting engines and a bronze medal for the new reversible drum swinging gear, which is a feature of the latest type of Lidgerwood derrick engines. Tue Consolidated Schools have purchased the plant of the United Correspondence Schools, which include that school and the Institute for Home Sudy of Engineering, and the Correspondence School of Technology. The work will be continued as heretofore at 156 Fifth avenue, New York city. The new concern has strong backing and will be in a position to do business on a large and liberal scale. The work of schools of this kind is no longer experimental and many responsible positions are now filled by men who have been educated in this manner. ‘The method of in- struction, is such that no time is lost from work and the student’can devote exactly the time he wishes to pursue his studies. The schools will be glad to furnish further par- ticulars to all who desire to’ improve their condition by -education. In The World’s Work for November, Prof. Ira N. Hol- lis of Harvard, a graduate of the Naval Academy, has ‘a very appreciative and symnathetic notice of Rear Admiral Sampson, in which, with equal skill and good judgment, he steers entirely clear of the controversy. over the blockade of Cienfuegos and Santiago. He refers to the admiral’s fredom from corps prejudice, as shown in his yielding to army officers, when he was a member of the Board of For- tifications and Other Defenses, to such an extent as to bring upon him the criticism of naval officers. We are told the admiral’s 13 years of service at the naval academy had a value that cannot be overestimated. During it a ma- jority of the navy officers graduating between 1868 and 1893 came under his influence. He was described by a bureau officer as the most satisfactory and clear-headed He has “always performed every duty assigned to him with conspicuous ability and with singular modesty. He was with it all a. most ap- proachable and fair-minded officer—never enthusisastic, never demonstrative, but always kind and considerate in his dealings with others. He bore an enviable reputation, as he had the respect and affection of those who served under him. If a vote of the navy had been taken to de- termine the officer most trusted by the entire service it would have been Sampson by a great majority.” But for the positive orders of the department forbidding the ex- posure of ships to heavy shore batteries, Sampson would have gone into Havana harbor, as Prof. Hollis thinks, and the wat would have been ended in one week, “thus sparing us much bloodshed and disease.” “No man,” as this writer says, “ever represented a better type of American citizen. He has the calmness, modesty and self-poise most char- acteristic of Lee, Grant, Farragut and other great men who have borne arms for the nation, and no man could ex- hibit in his daily life a more unassuming and democratic conduct.”