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APRIL, 10, Igo2. THE MARINE RECORD. A LAKE THAT HAS NO OUTLET. An American traveler fetches back with him from a visit in Australia the story of a most startling lake. Lake George, the largest lake of New South Wales, Australia, has no outlet except evaporation. For a series of years the brooks that tumble down the mountains which edge the lake may steadily contribute to it a larger quantity of water than is evaporated from its surface. Then the lake steadily rises. The water pushes north and south until the lake is twenty-one miles or more in length, with a width of seven or eight miles. For another series of years the water brought by the brooks may be steadily smaller than the quantity evapor- ated. Then the lake begins to fall, shrinking in a few years to half its former’ dimensions, this process going on sometimes till Lake George entirely disappears except for a few water holes in the lowest parts of its bed. The lake was in flood in 1801, extending north and south for twenty-one miles with a depth of twelve feet. Twice in the last century thousands of sheep and cattle were pastured on large areas now covered with water. They were the most numerous representatives there of the larger forms of animal life just as fish and water fowl are to-day. : The cabins of the stock raisers or squatters, as they are called, were scattered over the meadows. Vegetables were raised and patches of wheat. So little was known of Lake George in those days that the herders really had a feeling of security and permanency, but the day came when the rising water swished around the cabins, drowned seme of the stock, and drove the squatters to the high- lands. Everybody knows now that the bed of Lake George offers a very uncertain tenure to settlers. When it comes into view again perhaps no attempt will be made to util- ize it on so large a scale as was done in the 30’s and 40’s of the last century. The lake lies at the lower end of a basin so walled in by mountains and hills that the drainage into it has no chance to escape to the sea. It was long before this fact was discovered. Some early maps show Lake George as the probable source of a small river known on the coast, but a careful survey finally revealed the fact that not a drop of water escapes from the basin except to the clouds. The native blacks have always regarded it with super- stitious dread. When they piloted the first exploring party to the lake in 1820 (the first reports of its existence came from the blacks in 1818) a splendid sheet of water was found. The whites were first perplexed and then amused by the stories the natives: told them. It was years before it was discovered that the natives had been trying to tell, in their imperfect way, of phenomena that mystified them. Tt all seemed very uncanny to the poor blacks, who feared the lake and usually avoided it. Since 1849 the lake has never been wholly dry. It varies much in size, sometimes being only eight to ten miles long and four to six feet deep and then swelling again to its largest proportions. At times one may drive‘ on dry land across a part of the lake where a few years later there are ten or twelve feet of water. oO So In compliance with the general order issued to all Lake Huron life-saving stations to go into commissions on April 7th, the members of the crews of both the Middle Island and Thunder Bay Island stations have been notified to report for duty on that day. Capt. Persons, of the Thunder Bay Island station names his crew as follows: Lloyd Robbins, Cecil Matheson, Fred Ponier, Arthur Cleary, Ed. Richardson, Jas. Smith, Fred Oliver, and Fred. Couture. Capt. Motley, of Middle Island, will be sur- rounded by the following crew: CC. D. Coburn, W. L. Whitman, John Robinson, Joe Hubbard, David ‘Tice, Jacob Hauch, Geo. Hassett and Joseph Kunna. Both crews are practically the same as last season, although one or two changes may develop before the time for going into commission. Both crews will leave Alpena on the evening of the 6th, in order to be on the island at midnight when the season will be considered open. .F.HODGE & CO THE —~_ % Bliss IRON MINES IN SIBERIA. The industrial development of Siberia is largely de- pendent upon her production of coal and iron, especially the latter, and the following \data from an official report show that Russia’s huge northern provinces do not lack rich deposits of this metal. Of the numerous iron ‘ore mines in the Urals, the largest are, first, the Komaroff mine, containing 1,600,- 000,000 tons of 50 per cent. brown hematite; and, second, the Magnithaya Gora mine, which has not yet“been fully developed, but is claimed to be the largest mass of mag- netite in Russia, if not in the world, Among other rich mines in the southern Urals are the Baikal mines, which are believed to contain 5,000,c00 tons of ore in the portions belonging to the government, and 16,000,000 tons in that owned by the Simsky works;.and the Elnitchi mines, near Baikal, in which about 1,000,000 tons of ore have been discovered. It is claimed that the latter group of mines, lying to the south of the T’cheliabinsk-Ufa branch of the Siberian railway, will yield 2,400,000,000 tons of iron ore. The Vyoskaya Gora, Mount Blagodat, and Sin- drsky mines are to the north of the same railway. En- gineers report that the first contains 16,000,000 tons; the ore in the second was estimated at 6,400,000 tons when first examined, but upon re-examination was found to amount to 13,000,000 tons. No definite estimate was made concerning the last mine, as it abounds in’ pockets which sometimes come to an abrupt termination. It is claimed that the Ural mines are capable of producing 24,000,000 tons of ore, or about 10,000,000 tons of pig iron, per annum for the next century; but as this quantity of ore can scarcely be worked, even with the additional coal from the Ekibaz-Tuza and Sudjenka mines, the more conservative engineers reckon the output at 5,000,000 tons a year, at which rate the ore in sight will last two hun- dred years. W. R. Hortoway, St. Petersburg, «-— ‘ Consul General. One Air Pump 31 inch d'am- eter, 12 inch stroke, arranged for direct connection, in good condition, taken from S. S. Manitou to be re-placed by a larger one. Also one hoisting engine 12 inch cylinder made by Chas. Elmes, never been used. Above can be seen at Chicago Ship Building Co.’s yard, South Chicago. Inquire of MANITOU S. S. CO., Chicago. % - ~ wry > pent % rn Cer mr fe ee Le ee Pras ge . fi or * anay af 7 } ak haa Noho Partin ‘ thon heat’ 2 THE NEW BAUSCH & LOMB-ZEISS STERE Binocular Glasses. Used by the Armies and Navies of the World. Invaluable for Tourists, Sportsmen and Every-day Use. Booklet Free. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. New York. Chicago. For sale by all dealers, bY — pee a Oy YN se = Z r é PR e/a Rn 1 OR | a oleate Sa ye wt speed mom pall setae 5 bd A BRe cag ee RY BP Dare no OTA meee. e et Sn =o Seer Basra. ¥ LIQUID (iit COMPASS 3 E CAN help you to raise your license. If you want to become an officer, we can qualify you to pass the required exami- nation. No need to come onland. We train you on shipboard, in any part of the world. Navigation and Marine Engineering Taught By Mail Prices low. 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