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‘May 22, 1902. THE MARINE RECORD. SUN TIME AND MERIDIAN TIME. The difference between standard time and what is known as “sun time” quite often gives rise to singular complications, but the case at Akron, O., is probably the first in which a dispute growing out of it was ever car- ried to the Supreme Court. In this case a property owner took out a fire insurance policy at 11:27 a. m,, standard time. The policy, how- ever, was dated noon, it being 12 o’clock “sun time.’ It happened that the building caught fire at the moment the policy was being written, and was destroyed. The in- surance company refused to pay the insurance, where- upon the owner brought suit to recover the amount. The Supreme Court decided that as “standard” or meridian time, was legal time in Ohio, the policy was really issued at 11:27 a. m. instead of at. noon, and the company must pay the insurance. In Chicago no such complications could arise for the reason that there is only ten minutes difference between the standard time and sun time. All clocks register the ninetieth meridian time used by the railroads, and gen- erally known as “standard time.” But this time is in reality ten minutes behind sun time. - In other words when it is exactly high noon by the sun it is 11:50 a. m. by the ninetieth meridian or standard time. Owing to this slight difference Chicago uses nothing but standard or railroad time, and no one, not even the man in the Auditorium tower, ever bothers his head about sun time.—Ex. Our contemporary appears to have got hold of some half truths. In mixing up the standard, apparent and mean times there is no allowance made for leap year. Solar, or sun time, is measured by the daily motion of the sun, and is designated as apparent time, and in no other way, this is the most natural and direct measure of time, if we except sidereal time. But, since the intervals be- tween the successive returns of the sun to the same meri- dian are not equal, apparent time cannot be taken as a standard. Hence, to avoid the irregularity of time caused by the want of uniformity in the sun’s motion, a fictitious sun, called the mock, or mean sun, is supposed to move. in the equator with a uniform velocity. Mean time is the hour angle of the mean sun, a mean day is the inter- val between two successive transits of the mean sun over - the meridian. Mean noon is the instant when the mean - sun’s hour-circle coincides with the meridian. Mean time is perfectly equable in its increase and at certain times agrees with apparent time; then ‘again it is in ad- vance, at other times behind it. Mean time lapsing uni- formly, is measured by the clocks in ordinary use, but it is not the actual, apparent or sui time, by a maximum correction of 16’. ‘The difference between the apparent and mean time is called the equation’ of time. It may be judged from the foregoing that standard time, mean time, or so called local sun time, are arbitrary divisions arranged for local. convenience, while the real or proper sun time is apparent time, though varying nearly every day in the year. : In this instance it proved a good thing for the assured, that the state legislature of Ohio were enabled to mark and make time even through the heavens rebelled. At the same time, we can leave the man in the Auditorium tower serene in the confidence that he is versed in all the several kinds of time, especially the standard, sun, mean or apparent, sidereal, etc. or oe IMMENSE TEXAS ORE TRACT SOLD. The iron ore’fields including a great solid body of iron ore known as iron mountain, situated roo miles north of Austin, in Llano, Burnet and Gillespie counties, have just been acquired by a syndicate of Chicago capitalists who have formed the Llano Iron Milling Co. 5 The ore lands embrace more than 50,000 acres. It is Stated that they have made a contract with Alabama and €astern iron manufacturers and that shipments will be made via the port of Galveston, a specially low rate of rail and water transportation having been obtained. . These iron ore fields have attracted attention for many years, but owing to their remotenes from fuel and the igh transportation charges their development was never undertaken. Collis P. Huntington at one time contem- lated taking hold of the project of developing them, and € went so far as to acquire as ‘an individual investment the Austin and Northwestern railroad, which runs from Austin to Llano, expecting to use this line in connection ith the industry. Fe was prevented from carrying out MOTOR BOAT BUILDERS TOO BUSY TO EXHIBIT. United States Consul Frank H. Mason, Berlin, two months ago gave some account of a special international exposition of motor boats and appurtenances to be held’ near Berlin from June until September of this year, and he urged American builders to exhibit. He says that “the response to this appeal, as well as to the prospectuses and correspondence sent out by the association itself to leading American boat builders, has been disappointing, the general tenor of such replies being that they are all busy with their orders at home, that their whole output for this season is sold, and that they have nothing to spare for exhibition purposes. ‘This may be true, but it is a fair question whether neglect to utilize an opportunity like this will not be a repetition of the mistake which the makers of fire extinguishing apparatus committed, when they failed to exhibit at the special exposition of fire- men’s appliances held here last year. The one American firm which did exhibit an electric fire. alarm system is now puting it in for the city of Hanover, and has under negotiation contracts for similar installations in other German cities “There is abundant evidence that a good representative American display at the motor-boat exposition this year would be an unusually promising investment for the ex- hibitors. It is fully understood here that our country is first and foremost in all that relates to the construction and use of motor boats as naval auxiliaries and for pleas- ure and business purposes. It is also recognized that Germany—the original home of the gas engine—is so far woulgaeplaae, ol a, p. lines.<« British alarmist the several lines. IRON ORE IN WASHINGTON. The search for iron ore in Washington has not been very exhaustive, and but little time or money has beetr expended. Ore exists in large bodies and is not confined to any one locality. In the Cle Elum valley there is an immense body within a few miles of the railroad. ‘here are millions of tons in sight of the finest quality and will furnish an inexhaustible supply of steel. At Leaven- THE CORINTHA, A 76 FOOT TWIN SCREW, NAPHTHA LAUNCH. TWO 12-H. P. MOTORS. The Corinthia is one of the largest vessels propelled by Naphtha power. Designed and built by the Gas Engine and Power Co., and Charles L,. Seabury & Co., New York. behind in that class of water craft that the field is prac- tically unoccupied. So many inquiries have been received by the committee about probable American exhibits—their tonnage, cost and other details—that there is evidence of a real demand, and the committee states that from all such indications, American exhibitors of standard types of motor boats, engines, etc., would be practically cer- tain to not only sell their entire list of exhibits, but to take numerous orders for futre. delivery. Responsible firms here and at the large German seaports are eager to accept agencies to represent American builders, and Ger- man machinists will be on the watch to purchase valuable patents in that class. Obviously, all novelties should be patented or registered and the patents applied for before being exhibited anywhere in Europe. It will be many years before another special international exhibition and classified competition of motor boats will be held in this country, and the present opportunity once lost will not scon recur. ‘The committee authorizes the statement that every responsible concession and assistance to facilitate a representative American display will be gladly and promptly acorded. Berlin is the center and mart of a vast system of canals, lakes, and canalized rivers which could be freely navigated by motor boats, where few or none now exist. If American builders will not reach out to grasp an opportunity like this, the builders of other countries—notably Great Britain, France and Belgium— certainly will.” worth, fourteen miles from the Great Northern, there is another large body which analyzes 75 per cent., and is easily worked. In the Lake Cushman district there are millions of tons, pronounced by competent men as the largest body in the United States. It contains 50 per cent - iron and has been examined. by experts and pronounced capable of making the finest quality of steel. There is but one blast furnace in the state, that operated at Iron- dale, which was originally operated from 1881 to 1888. The original product was from mixed ores, and I do not hesitate to pronounce it of fine quality. The future will place this state in the foremost rank as a producer and manufacturer. With its inexhaustible sup- ply of coal and splendid quality of ore it possesses the richest resources of any state in the union. The outlook is certainly of a most encouraging charac- ter, and the promise for the immediate future is the most auspicious in’ the history of the northwest, because of the movement now in progress to bring our iron de- posits to a state of utilization. ' ——— OO oO ee” Measure of Damages.—Where an action in damages is brought against the owner and also the master of a steam- boat, and it appears that in the transaction out of which the action arose the master was acting in his represent- ative capacity, the owner alone is liable. La Blane et al vs. Sweet et al., 31 So. Rep. (La.) 766.