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12 _THE MARINE RECORD. A TRUSCOTT BOAT SIMPLE, SAFE, RELIABLE, SPEEDY. It may be possible to build better and safer boats, but it hasn’t been done yet. We send a completely illustrated catalogue and price list free, which tells you all sbout boats and WHY TRUSCOTT BOATS EXCEL, Truscott Boat Mfg. Co., ST. JOSEPH, MICH. lighting. Pintsch Gas Lighted Buoys. Adopted by the English, German, French, Russian, Italian and United States Light-House Departments for channel and harbor Over 1,000 gas buoys and gas beacons in service. Burn Continuously from 80 to 365 days and nights without attention, and can be seen a distance of six miles. ...... JUNE 12, 1902, Controlled by THE SAFETY CAR HEATING AND LIGHTING CO. 160 Broadway, New York City. THE GREAT AMERICAN SYNCLINAL. (GEOLOGICAL DEDUCTIONS FROM OBSERVATION. ) The geologist standing upon the Alleghenies, the rem- nant of the western base of that ancient mountain, whose apex was many thousands of feet higher than the highest peaks of the Appalachian range now are, sees the foot of this. monster mountain gradually descending in a west- north-west: course towards the “Father of Waters” beyond which there is a gradual emergence towards the Rocky mountains, which are the western edge of this vast syn- clinal.. ; There is-a tilting or sinking of this great synclinal in a south-west course, and judging by such datum as can be obtained, it seems that the submergence process especially noticeable along the Gulf coast of Southern Texas, has not yet ceased, should this sinking continue it will finally change the drainage of the Great Lakes towards the Mis- sissippi; proof of this is seen in the gradual emergence of the northeast ccast. : We notice in going westward from the Alleghenies that each succeeding synclinal is somewhat deeper, or lies some- what lower than the preceding one. This leads to the con- clusion that what are generally considered as mountain ranges, are only parallel rolls, along this vast synclinal, whese southern limit is beyond the Gulf of Mexico, and embraces the greater part of South America, that lies east of the Andes, and west of the Brazillian mountains, and its northern limit seems to be in the vicinity of the Great Lakes, yet westward from there appears to be a continua- tion, which north of the lakes, broadly embraces all of British America east of the Rocky mountains, and west and north-west from the Wotchish mountain, including Hud- sons Bay and northward to the Arctic Ocean. The Black Hills, and the Ozark mountains are like coma, a something that has resulted from pressure. Ses aeesl co Weare This great synclinal also seems to contain the greater part of the petroleum and gas that amounts to anything, in either of the Americas. Naturally the question as to whether there is any coal up north in this synclinal, pre- sents itself. It would be extremely ‘difficult to assign a reason -why there should not be, and judging by the results obtained with coal from-other high northern latitudes, pro-. bably would be found plentiful and of a very high quality.. It is asserted upon apparently good authority, that such coals are more dense than those from elsewhere, both being of equal purity. : : Another puzzling problem presents itself, as we go north- ward we find that such minerals deposits, as are largely de-. pendant upon carbon, show a marked increase in size and purity. - I submit the following propositions, viz, 1st, 2nd and 3d: ist. A growing suspicion fastened itself upon my mind some yeats ago, that to obtain a reasonable solution of these vexatious problems, we must look away back towards nebulosity, and seek for the coridensation of carbon deposits, as having been done under magnetic influences. and. And that the progressive thinker must take into his calculations electricity, and magnetism as prime factors, seems ineyitable. , Sse Raa ae 3d. If we can believe that the “sedimentary. deposits” have resulted from concentration and sublimation of nebu- lous matter, no doubt many seemingly difficult matters could be intelligently solved.» J. R.. Heckman, Conner, Pa.) oe oe oo or ovmX—n"—nr— WIRELESS TELEGRAPH ON LAKE ONTARIO. The Marconi Wireless ‘Telegraph Co. are arranging to introduce their system on ake Ontario. John Foy, mana- ger of the Niagara River Line has about concluded an agreement with the Marconi Company, by which stations will be erected at Lewiston and Toronto, with efficient in- struments and operators on board the passenger steamers, Chippewa and. Corona. Besides the advantages in being constantly in communication with land, Mr. Foy believes that it will prove a boon to many passengers, who would desire to send telegrams, business or otherwise, en route. EXTOLLING THE WINDY CITY. The busiest harbor in. the world is at Chicago, “the young Metropolis of the Inland Seas,” says Popular Mechanics. This generally unknown fact, together with its many other dramatic associations, makes it one of the most interesting as well as the most important of Ameri- ca’s ports. The narrow strip of water piercing six miles of the commercial heart of the city is a scene of activity that makes the person not acquainted with the importance of Chicago’s shipping interest look on in bewilderment. Through the shipping season more vessels arrive and de- part from here than at any other point in the world; in the tonnage of arrivals and clearances the port also excels all others. In the winter when traffic on the Great Lakes is virtually suspended because of the ice and storms the Chicago harbor is blocked with ice floes, and there is little shipping of any kind. But even including this sea- son in the vear’s average of business, statistics show the Chicago harbor to rank ahead of any other in America in number of arrivals and clearances as well as in tonnage, and second in importance among the great ports of the world. J,onden alone is ahead of Chicago in the amount of shipping. The figures showing the amount of tonnage handled by the great ports of the world for roor follows: London .........16,889,908 Marseilles ...... 9,629,114 Chicago: vunewn aie 16,112,189 Liverpool:,...2.0. 11,818,000 New, York .cls.+ 16,026,290 ASIEWEED ye sine 15,573,472 Hamburg ...... 14,198,817 The arrivals and clearances at Chicago last year num- bered 17,476; at New York, 14,010. The port of Chicago handles more than three times the tonnage of Boston and four times that of Philadelphia. Far creater in importance will be the Chicago harbor when the great canal is completed making a shipway from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Already small craft can make the trip, and steam launches and house boats are beginning to take excursion parties from points on Lake Michigan to New Orleans and the Gulf of Mex- ico. Boats mav also go from Chicago to Europe. ‘The Northwestern Steamship Co. ran a line of boats between Chicago and London, Liverpool and Hamburg last year, and will probably resume the service this year. With the widening and deepenine of the Northern straits and the lowering of insurance rates there will be an enormous increase in traffic between Chicago and Europe. ‘Thus one may have an idea of what the future Chicago port will be. Cargoes may be shipped from here direct to all -ports on the Gulf of Mexico South America, Central America, Mexico and the tropical islands. There will be regular traffic by water between Chicago and St. Louis, Memphis, New Orleans and other Mississippi river points. Tt will be a steamship terminal for lines between Chicago Europe, and between Chicago and Mississippi. river and Gulf of Mexico ports. The Chicago river, which but a short time ago was. a household joke.and an object of general ridicule, has thus suddenly sprung into world-wide importance. Every- body used to laugh at how the river would catch fire. This was because of the refuse from the gas works and oil; refineries that accumulated. on the surface. ‘These fires were once as picturesque and dangerous as they were amusing. Since the sanitary canal has been built the current of. the river. has been reversed, and the waters that once emptied into the lake are sent coursing down the Desplaines, Illinois and Mississipni rivers to the Gulf of Mexico, The river, excepting the North branch, is now as clear as the clearest mountain stream. The Century, which calls the Chicago river “the Cinder- ella of Navigable Streams,” and Uncle Sam the. “fairy prince” that has.come to her aid, says:. “Formerly the Chicago river was merely dirty, now it is becoming pictur- esque in the magnitude of its industries and the strange and startling contrast that it represents. ‘Time was when the wise man avoided it as he would a pestilence (which it closely resembled-in some ways); but it has become a * “panoramic spectaclé well worth seeing. * .cents, Bristol 4 cents, Hull or Leith 4% cents. LIQUID FUEL—ITS APPLICATION.* One of the large Hamburg-American liners on the China route has recently been fitted with the Korting mechanical sprayers. This is a type practically unknown in America, although several thousand are used in Europe. ‘Their operation is simple and they are noiseless. The furnace must be well lined with brick in order to maintain the temperature. An evaporation of 12.5 pounds is said to be about the limit, although a possible 14 pounds is claimed by some. As perfected by the Kortings, one of the best known engineering firms in Europe, the apparatus con- sists in’ general of a pump, two heaters and a burner. ‘The’ oil under 60° pounds pressure is first heated by the pump exhaust, and then by the steam at boiler temiperature, in order to thin it as much as possible. On entering the burner it is given a peripherical motion, and on its dis- charge from the nozzle, which is the apex of a cone, the centrifugal velocity is sufficient to pulverize it into a fine spray. For small plants without an auxiliary boiler a hand pump is provided, so that by heating the oil with a torch or otherwise, or by using a thin oil, fire can be started when no steam: is carried. A modification of the Korting system, invented by Mr. R. A. Meyer, of Batavia, Java, has been applied to several steamers of the Dutch line, of which he is superintendent. Each furnace front is fitted with a cylindrical extension, the peri- phery of which contains a series of iron ducts, wound spirally, through which all the air passes, and is heated to a considerable degree by the flame which traverses the interior of the cylinder. The Italian government has experimented with oil on war vessels, both alone and in combination with coal. Used with the latter, it affords a means of rapidly firing boilers in an emergency, and of securine a greater output of steam. Had our own navyv been thus equipped, there would have been less trouble in the Cuban blockade. A. given weight of oil occupies less space than a like amount of"coal, and it can be stored in places that are usuallv unavailable for other purposes. With suitable pumping arrangements it can be loaded very rapidly, and without dirt. The use of oil, by reason of this say- ing in bunker space together with the difference in heat values, double the steaming radius of a vessel. ‘The use of air for spraying once thought essential in marine practice, is being abandoned for steam, which is less trying to the beilers and probably more economical. Most vessels are now fitted for distilling water, and it has been found cheaper to operate the still than the air compressor. *Excerpt from an address read before the ‘Technical ’ Society of the Pacific Coast, by R. G. Paddock. ——— OO DO EASTERN FREIGHTS. Messrs. Funch, Edye & Co., New York, report the condition of the eastern freight market as follows: Timber and deal chartering again mark the principal feature in this week’s business, and in some cases owners © have been obliged to make concessions in order to secure charters. The -uncertaintv- as to whether the strike amongst the anthracite coal miners will extend to the bituminous. district interferes somewhat with the coal ex- port trade to European markets, consequently fixtures in this) direction are limited. Some little business has been done on time basis for short periods, but the rates obtained do not show any improvement. The reports of the forthcoming cotton crep are up to the present very encouraging, with the prospect of an un- usually Targe yield which, if existine favorable conditions are maintained, is apt to give us a liberal movement dur- ing the early stages of the export season. In the mean- time, however, practically no chartering has been done for — next season, most of the shippers evidently preferring to purstie a waiting policy. ‘ Sail tonnage remains quiet and the only item of interes is the fixture of two vessels. for case oil to Australia at respectively 15c. to one port and I6c. to two ports. Grain—to Liverpool or London 3 cents, Glasgow 2%