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6) ———— HISTORY OF LAKE NAVIGATION. BY J. W. HALL. Writlen for the Marine Record. CHAPTER L. The navigation of 1862 commenced with freights ruling firm and remnnerative. The following craft were commissioned in 1862, the details showing. by whom and where built, tonnage, and owner: Steamer Reindeer, 304 tons, built by S. R. Kirby at East Saginaw, owned by Jesse Hoyt. 3 Steamer Susan Ward, 359 tons, built by Wm. Caddy at Detroit, owned by E. Ward. Propeller Badger State, 864 tons, built by Mason & Bidwell at Buflalo, owned by W. T’. Company. : Propeller 8. D. Caldwell, 757 tons, built by Stevens & Presley, at Cleveland, owned by Dwight Seott. : Propeller Canisteo, 668 tons, built_by Ma. son & Bidwell at Buffalo, owned by E. R. R- Propeller Water Witch, 458 tons, built by J. L. Wolverton at Newport, owned by E. B. Ward. Propeller B. F. Wade, 1120 tons, built by J. L. Wolverton st Newport, owned by E. B. Ward. ae Propeller Empire State, 864 tons, built’by Mason & Bidwell at Buffalo, owned by Holt & Ensiga. Prapenek Oneida, 784 tous, built by Ww. Crossthwaite at Buffalo, owued by J. Kilder- house. Propeller Passaic, 651 tons, built by Mason & Bidwellat Buffalo, owned by N. Y. R.R. Company. : Propeller Maine, 393 tone, built by Stev- ens & Presley at Cleveland, owned by N. IT. Company. : Propeller Merchant, 711 tons, built by David Bell at Butfalo,owned by E. T. Evans, Propeller Toledo, 621 tons, built by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, owned by N. Y. & E. R. R. ; Tug Bob Anderson, 175 tons, built by I. Lafrinier at Cleveland, owned by H. N, Strong. . Tug W. B. Castle, 221 tons, built by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, owned by Harman & Coe. Propeller Tioga, 549 tons, built by Quayle & Martin at Cleveland, owned by N. Y. & E.R. R. f Tug Winslow, 265 tons, built by Quayle & Martin at Cleveland, owned by Winslows. Tug Prindiville, 272 tons, builtby A. Mil- ler, at Chicago, owned by Prindiville. Steamer Morning Star, 1141 tons, built bv A. A. Turner at Trenton, ewned by D. & C. N. Company. ‘ Tug I. U. Masters, 204 tons, built by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, owned by Sweet & mpany. pak Aavance, 897 tons, built by A. Muir at St. Catharines, owned by Muir Brothers. Bark American Union, 764 tons, built by I. Lafrinier at Cleveland, owned by Wins- oo Jane Bell, 447 tons, built by Camp- bell & Owen at Detroit, owned by P.J.Ralph. Bark John Breden, 413 tons, built by Don aldson at, Port Dalhonsie, owned by Breden ‘Company. ES j . Sart H P. Bridge, 553 tons, built by J.M. Jones at Detroit, owned by E. W. Hudson. Bark British Lion, 822 tons, built by G. Thurston at Kingston, owned by R. Gaskin. Bark Chenango, 384 tons, built by I. Lafri- ‘nier at Uleveland, owned by N. C. Winslow. Bark D. Cornell, 396 tons, built by O. Presley at Port Burwell,owned by D.Cornell. Bark Cream City, 767 tons, built by B. B. Jones at Milwaukee, owned by A. Kirby. Bark Golden Fleece, 609 tons, built by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, owned by 8. Sturgess. : Bark Sunrise, 598 tons, built by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, owned by S. Sturgess. Bark Kate Darley, 547 tons, built by Quayle & Martin at Cleveland, owned by E. Darley. ‘Bark Lafrinier, 574 tons, built by L. Lafri- nier at Cleveland, owned by Charles Hickox. Bark Monitor, 481 tons, built J. G. Shaler at Conneaut, owned by M. Capron. Bark Mary Jane, 397 tons, built by Shick- Juna at St. Catharine’s, owned by J. Waters. Bark Oneonta, 616 tons, built F. N. Jones, at’ Buftalo, ewned by S, V. R. Watson, Bark Northwest, 628 tons, built by Peck &=Masters, at Cleveland, owned by B. 58. Shepherd. Bark Parana, 558 tons, built by Quayle & Martin at Cleveland,owned by Chas. Hickox. Bark George Sherman, 405 tons, built by Quayle & Martin at Cleveland, ewned by pherman & Co. ~ Bark Unadilla, 569 tons, built by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, owned by S. Y. R. Watson. Bark Newsboy, 570 tone, built by S. R. Kirby at East Saginaw, owned by Jesse Hoyt, Brig Hanover, 427 tons, built by David- son at Milwaukee, owned by O. Wermoth, Schooner Adirondac, 389 tons, built by J. Oades at Clayton, owned by Wade & Co, Schooner Almenia, 211 tons, built by Geo. Dakins at Pert Burwell, owned by M. Nor- throp. Schooner C. G. Breed, 451 tons, built by Davidson at Milwaukee, owned by Breed & Company. Schooner W. O. Brown, 400 tons, built by J. W. Leach at Buffalo, owned by W.O, Brown, Schooner Lydia Case, 326 tons, built by G.S. Rand at Racine, owned by Case & Knapp. Schooner Sarah Clow, 286 tons, built by D. Clow at Green Bay, owned by D. Clow. Schooner Geo. G. Cooper, 401 tone, built by D. E. Bailey at Madison, owned by H. W. Rogers. schooner Corsican, 281 tons, built by Rogers at Olcott, owned by Smith & Post. Sotipaser Czar, 441 tons, built by E. LeFebre at Oswego, owned by Stewart. Schooner Dolphin, 822 tone, built by R. The Mani Allen at Milwaukee, owned by Nelson & Co. Schooner George Goble, 403 tons. built at Oswego, owned by Goble & Company. Schoener Kate Hinchman, 287 tons, built by J. M. Jones at Detroit,owned by J.Miner. Schooner Plawboy, 239 tons, built by J. A. Thayer at Ashtabula, owned by Hubbard & | Company. | Schooner A.’ J. Rogers, 405 tons, built | | by D. E. Bailey at Madison, owned by H. | | Rogers. | Schooner Success, 395 tons, built by Camp- bell & Owen at Detroit, owned by H. N. | Strong. Schooner Portage, 260 tons, built by W.} | Brown at Portage, owned bv S. Doolittle. | Schooner Wm. Jones, 513 tons, built by! Wim. Jones at Black River, O., owned by! | Redington. ' | Schooner Jura, 310 tons, built by H. Kelley | at Milan, ewned by Kelley & Co. Sehooner J. W. Nicholas, 418 tons, built! bv Nicholas at Vermillion, owned by P. Minch. Schooner Wm, Raynor, 297 tons, built by W. Shupe at Milan, owned. by V. Fries. Schooner Victoria, 280 tons, built by J. Simpson at Oakville,owned by D,. Chisholm. Schooner W. Vanatta, 228 tons, built by R. Hayes at Erie, owned by G. J. Morton. Schooner Howell Hoppock, 408 tong, built by Quayle & Martin at Cleveland, owned by Burgess & Co, ! | Schooner P. C, Sherman, 566 tons, built by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, owned by 8S. V. R. Watson. Schooner Tom Sims, 321 tons, built by | Miller & Co., Chicago, owned by Thomas Sims. Schooner Twilight, 395 tons, built by Daf- rinier at Cleveland, owned by H. J. Wins- low. Schooner Charles Hinckler, 219 tons, built by Quayle & Martin at Cleveland, owned by Handy & Co. Schooner Van Valkenburg, 418 tons, built A. Little at Tonawanda, owned by Van Val- kenburg. Schooner H. W. Hoag, 388 tons, built by A Wilcox at Three Mile Bay, owned by Hoag & Co. Schooner E. Kanter, 878 tons, built by D. McDoh at Newport, owned by Warren & Company. Schooner King Sisters, 417 tons, built by G. R. Rogers at Toledo, owned by King Brotbers. Schooner Monitor, 421 tons, built by A. C. Stocks at Sheboygan,owned by A.P.Lyman. Schooner Monitor, 897 tons, built by J. M. Jones at Detroit, owned by Trowbridge & Wilcox. Schooner Williard Johnson, 448 tons,built Die & Co. at Oswego, owned by Johnson & Co, Schooner Thomas Martin, 201 tons, built by George Goble at Oswego, owned by Radcliff & Co. Schooner Russian, 408 tons, built by A. Miller at Oswego, owned bv Smith & Post. Schooner Com Foote, 254 tons, built by A. Miller at Oswego, owned by White & Co. Schooner M. R. Gotte, 375 tons, built by R.C. Cornwell at St. Clair, owned by Eu- gene Smith, © Schooner Harvest Home, 396 tons, built by J. M. Jones at Detroit, owned by E. W. Hudson. ‘ Scheoner Mediator, 361 tons, built by S. Johnson at Clayton, owned by Johnson & Company. ‘ ‘ Schooner J. S. Mott, 484 tons, built by George Goble at Oswegu, owned by D. Man- waring. Schoener Nabob, 405 tons, built by G. Rand at Manitowoc,owned by Platt & Vilas. Schooner Saginaw, 378 tons, built by D. Lester at Newport, owned by Gallagher & Company. PAN Schooner Scandinavian, 247 tons, built by A. Olson at New Buffalo, owned by Nelson & Wompany. Je Schooner Selkirk, 399 tons, built by C. Delaney at Wallaceburg, owned by Fowler & Esseltyne. ; Schooner Shupe, 318 tons, built by Wm. Shupe at Milan, owned by V. Fries. Schooner Stampede, 370 tons, built by J.F.Squiers at Huron,owned by J.Mathews. Schooner Tecumseh, 279 tons, built by H. Marlton at Goderich, owned by Vaner- ency & Company. Schooner H. 8. Walbridge, 319 tons, built by D. F. Edwards at Milan, owned by J. Stevens, Schooner M, Williams, 397 tens, built by C. Delaney at Wallaceburg, owned by Wil- liams & Company. Schooner Yankee, 410 tons, built by J. Luff at Newport, owned by Gilchrist & Co. Steamers, 20; barks, 21; brigs,1; schoon ers, 51, Total,93. Aggregate tonnage, not including those under 100 tons, 40,918. ne Recon. Steamer I]linois, 926 tons, Captain R. 8S. Rvder. Steamer City of Cleveland, 788 tons, Cap- tain George H. Ryder. Steamer Traveler, 603 tons, Captain F. S. Miller. Steamer Planet, 1153 tons, Captain John | P. Ward. Steamer Michigan, 642 tons, Captain Al- bert Stewart. Propeller [ron City, 607 tons, Captain J. E. Turner. Propeller Mineral Rock, 552 tons, Captain George McKay. Propeller Northern Light, 716 tons, Cap- tain J. Spaulding. Propeller Water Witch, 458 tons, Captain B, Sweeney. Propeller Genvral Taylor, 462 tons, Cap- tain J. Halloran. Chicago & Collingwood Line.—Propellers Montgomery, Antelope, Sun and Edith. Chicago & Gederieh Line.—Propeller Hun- ter, 680 tous, Captain Win. Dickson. Propeller Kenosha, 645 tous, Captain Wm. Lacey. Propeller Ontonsgon 560 tons, Captain Ben Wilkins. Propeller Detroit, 397 tons, (new)Captain John Pratt. People’s Line, Buffalo & Chicago.—Pro- peller Empire State, 864 tons, Captain J. W. Brett. Propeller Acme, 752 tons, Captain J. W. Hathaway. Propeller Badger State, 864 tons, Captain J. W. Beckwith. Propeller Oneida, 784 tons,Captain Hinck- ey. Propeller Buffalo, 689 tons, Captain B. Douglass, Propeller Racine,715 tons,Captain Arthur, Propeller Pittsburgh, 606 tons, Captain D. C. Webster. Propeller Susquehanna, 439 tons, Captain R. Webster. Propeller Potomac, 818 tons, Captain N. Gebhard. The Northern Transportation (on pany Line, plying between Ogdensburg and the upper lakes, rating between 300 and 400 tons burden, was composed of the propellers Akron, Bay State, Cleveland, Empire, Gran- ite State, Jefferson, Michigan, Ogdensburg, Ontario, Prairie State, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Young America. A. The trou- We are not protected too nvec ble is, we are not protected enough. Remove ; the protection and you make labor a pauper, | ignorant, stupid, and heathenish; you place | capital in the hands of a few aristocrats who will wield it only to occomplish their own | selfish ends. For example, see the larger | portion of the emigrants who come to our | shores; and look at the govering classes of a free trade country. Look also at the con- dition of labor in a free trade country, and see what a miserable existence they eke out, und look at the licentiousness and debauch- ery practiced by the governing clusses. This is free trade; free trade in the products of the soil and the brain and the musele. Protection elevates the poor, gives them plenty of work at good wages, makes them ,comtortable, and makes it possible for the | poor man to reach positions of honor and ; trust, dees away with an aristocracy, dis- tributes the wealth more evenly, and makes less social distinction in the elasses. It places us more on a commen footing, with common interests, beside adding all the im- provements and benefits we are enjoying here to-day. Why is it that trade has been stagnated ? Not because of over production, not because of not having consumers enough. - Remoy- ing protection enables us to buy what we want of a foreign producer at a less price,con- sequently over-produce of all kinds goes a begging for the want of a customer, and so it will be as protection is removed. We see only the beginning, for with protection gone we will do a great deal less business in all branches of manufacturing, the busi- ness of the conntry will be practically ruined, labor pauperized and all except the vultures virtually bankrupt. With more protection the reverse will be true. Under.the reign of free trade we had nothing, were nothing, and knew but very” little. When things were changed and we fel} Detroit & Green Bay Line.—Prepeller| under a strong protective policy, see the Comet, 662 tons, Captain W. L. Wetmore. Propeller Rocket, 611 tons, Captain John Rice, : Buffalo & Toledo Line.—Propeller Equa- tor,Captain Hinde; Eclipse, Captain Crosby ; Equinox, Captain Snow; Euphrates, Cap- tain Parsons; Araxes, Captain Watts; Cuya- hogha, Captain Gaylord; Orontes, Maptain immense benefits. Prosperous, happy, edu- cated—the strongest nation in the world, no slaves, labor welltodo. Begin to remove protection, and that moment we begin to de- cline, and go back to the condition of things that existed 1n the days of our fathers, busi- ness depressed, capital and labor unem- ployed, we unhappy, growing illiterate, ang T. Watts; Marquette, Captain Pratt; For- becoming weak as a nation, and giving up est Queen, Captain Thomas Carney. — Other Appointments.—Propeller York, Captain Simon Monroe; Elmyra, Captain J. 8. Nutshell; Olean, Captain Thomas H. Howland; Passaic,Captain John Kirby; Canisteo, Captain George Blackman. The steamer Seabird, Captain W. Dougall, plied between Chicago and L»uke Superior, in the Goodrich line. DANGERS OF FREE TRADE. CLEVELAND, March 6, In an article en “Tariff Legislation fer forty years,’ published in the Recorp of the 4th inst., theories were advanced by a correspondent which should be considered dangerous to the business interests of the country at this time, especially to those represented by the RecorpD, the manufac- turers and carriers, and all tariff legislation at this time should be avoided, It seems that our business (all marine business), is badly enough stagnated now and ought not to be ruined entirely by the letting down of the bars. Protection is everything to us, It is steady work’at good wages for both capital and labor, and conse- quently health, happiness atid prosperity. Protection builds railroads and telegraphs, developes the electric light, puts in the tele- phone, opens up ore, coal, silver, gold mines, and furnishes us with all the latest im- proved facilities for farming, manufactur- ing, and commercial business. Without protection we would have none New In March there were in readiness for|of these things in this country to-day ex- shlpment at upper lake ports nearly 14,000,- 000 bushels of grain. ‘I'wo-fifths of this amount was at Chicago, one-fifth at Mil- waukee and the remainder at Kenosha, Racine, Detroit, and Toledo, which was in- creased before navigation opened to 16,000,- 000 bushels, Navigation epened at Buftalo March 28, the propeller Eclipse, Captain Crosby, the first boat to leave for Toledo, arriving at that port the following day. The Welland cadal did not open until April 10, although some vessels which were laid up at Port Colborne sailed from there on April 4, the brig Breman and others. The Sault canal was in readiness for business April 27, the steamer City of Cleveland, Captain George Ryder, the first boat through, and the Straits of Mackinac April 19, the propeller Prairie State, coming eastward, the first to pass through. The Lake Superior llne was composed of the following boats: cept what was brought here and sold to us by other nations, and then only in limited amount, for we would have been too poor to have possessed them and brought them into general use as they are to-day. Without protection there would have been no such business transacted on the great lakes as there is to-day; no such fine, large vessels and steam craft; no such drydocks and sh{pyards; no iron and steel shipbuilding, in fact, nothing that would anywhere near compare with what we have now. And it would have been the same “on shore.’? We would had no Pacific railways, stretching across the continent, or none of the great iron arms, reaching out north, south, and west, opening up and developing the coun- try. The great farms and ranches in the west and south would exist only in the imagination of our children’s children, and yet an hundred years and the great west would be in its primitive state as formed by nature. the proud position we hold. . It is passing strange that our men in high places, with the history and examples of the past before them, will consent that even a hint should be made toward removing the barriers that: protect us; but rather brace and stiffen and add to them, that our pros- perity may be increased. F There is very little hope of anything good from the hands of politicians. If we could place in power men of the people, and for the people, and could keep them upright and honest before God and man for a few years, we would have things in good shape in this country, with no good cause for com- plaint. THE STATE CANALS. The Dominion is neither so popular or so wealthy as New York, and it has a debt of $255,966,417 counpared to our debt of $4,798,- 666; yel it has spent within a few years on one bit of canal, less than nine miles long, more money than we are begging from the general government; and it has spent on its canal system in the same time a sum equal to what the new capitol at Albany will cost, according to the latest estimates. In the meanwhile Canadian statesmen entertain such projects as the Ottawa ship canal, a route shortening the line from Montreal to Chicago, by followiug the Ottawa river to the Mattawan, the Mattawan to Trout lake, then to Lake Nipissing and down the French river to Georgian bay; the Trent river navigation, a reute following that stream to Rice lake, thence along various connecting lakes up to Lake Balsam and thence down by canal and the Talbot river to Lake Sim- coe and from that point by the Severn river to Georgian bay; the Toronto and Georgian bay canal, a third scheme for a waterway connecting Lake Huron and Lake Ontario and shortening the distance between To- ronto and Chicago; and the Caughnawaga canal, a route from a point on the St. Law- rence river opposite Lachine to St. John’s on the Richilieu river. Surveys of nearly all these routes have been made and esti- mates of their cost prepared. If, therefore, the example ot the Dominion in invoked in this matter the lesson to be drawn from it is one of selfreliance. At least if we are to ask for federal aid in enlarging our main canal let us ask the United States to step in and build a waterway connecting the Hud- son and Lake Ontario on the scale adopted by our Canadian neighbors. If the nation is to do anything at all in the matter, let it do something worthy of itself and make a ship canal from tide water to the lakes—a great artificial river through which the water of Lake Ontario may flow to the sea, unbaeken by any system of luckage.—Roch- eeter Post Kupress. A number of ship carpenters of Levis, P.Q., left for Detroit to take place of the strikers, sey a ee ee hil All