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4 the Marine Recond. : i ber avine Becord, Published Every Thursday at 144 Superier . Street, [Leader Building) Cleveland, O. A. A. POMEROY, EDITOR AND PROP’R TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: One year, postage paid..............cc0s ceeeeeeee $2.00 Six months, postage paid............... ccceesees Invariably in advance, THE MARINE RECORD can be found for sale by the following news dealers: CLEVELASD, O,—G. F. Bowman, corner of Pearl and Detroit Streets, Evans & Van Epps, Superior street, Cleveland, R. A. Castner, 254 Detroit street, Cleveland, ASHTABULA HARBOR, O.—C, Large. CHICAGO, ILL.—Joseph Gray, 9 West Ran- dolph Street, ~ CHICAGO, ILL. —August Semper. 345 Noble Street. BUFFALO, N. Y.—Miss McCabe, Elk Street, near Ohio. DETROIT, MICH.—N_ F. Stewart, Ft. of Woodward Av. DULUTH, MINN.—C. F. Johnson, 117 West Superior Street, MARQUETTE, MICH.—J. A. Vannier. ESCANABA, MICH.—Wm. Godley. PORT HURON, MICH.—G. H. Mann. WASHBURN, WJS,—C I. Crittchet. SARNIA, ONT --D. McMasters. ST. CLAIR FLATS, MICH.— McNiff & Son, Subscribers and others are respectfully invited to use the columns of the MARINE RECORD for the discussion of pertinent topics, Bee Ome reac lg see Sa Si Entered at the Post Officeat Cleveland as second- class mail matter. { bs i, | { { i CLEVELAND, OHIO, THURSDAY, AUGUST 19. BULK OIL STEAMERS. The possibility that Russia may at an early day become an important rival of the United States in the petroleum oil trade be- comes more serious every day. As Cleve- land is the home of the great petroleum monopoly of this country, and the fact that there is more or less oil traffic over the lakes, make it an interesting matter to our read- ers. That oil, as heretofore transported on vessels adds to risk and insurance premium, _ fis conceded. To partially reduce this risk, _ sit has been conceived that petroleum can be ‘carried in bulk in steamers built for that One such steamer, the Gluckauf, t year, and flying the German t taken a cargo of 910,221 gal- of petroleum from New York to Bre- She carries the oil in tanks, eight in , with a capacity of 2266 tons, leaving nk free to use for water for ship’s use. = e tanks are component parts of the _ *vessel, which is built of steel and iron, and ‘their respective divisions are steel bulkheads, well supported with angle irons. There are - two engine room bulkheads reaching up to the spar deck, abaft of which are the en- ¢gines, boilers and galley, and the vessel be- ‘ing lighted with electricity, great protection tig afforded against fire. Each tank hasa - ‘man-hole on the upper deck, from which i the tanks are filled. On top of the above ee named cargo tanks are expansion tanks, direct on the center line of the vessel. The floors of these expansion tanks rest on the ie steel between deck, the capacity ranging ¢ from 19 to 29 tons. Each of the expansion tanks has a man-hole direct into the cargo tanks, also some perforated holes so as to let the oil in the cargo tauks have free access when expanding into the expansion tanks. After the cargo tanks are filled the expan- sion tanks have two feet of oil put into them in order to prevent oscillation, so that there is always a solid body in the cargo whether they are expanding or not,or the ship upright or laying along. The working of the tanks is very simple; they have’ one pipe and pumps so arranged as to pump out or fill in as the case requires. It is thought that the development of the ia Russian oil tlow has induced the Standard ee Company to send emissariee into that field, but the talk about the Standaid acquiring a monopolistic foothold is scouted by repre- sentative Russians, who hold that the Rus- sian government would lend its aid to defeat ests, it is most improbable that much in- Rothsebilds.”’ that object. In this regard Bradstreets says that “Inasmuch as the westward Black sea shipments are now in the hands of the Roths- childs, who had previously acquired large French, Italian and Austrian refining inter- ducement is offered to the Standard people to obtain a foothold in Russia unless it may be inferred that they are acting through the saln defining bis observations on this queg- tion Minister Cox says: ‘‘The future of the Russian petroleum industry is principally contingent upon a continued large and economic production of the Balakhnain ter- ritory, increased transportation facilities, the extent of government subsidy or sup- port, and finally,upon the hope of diminished production and higher prices in America, Among the elements of its weakness is the very natural probability that when this cir- cumscribed territory shall, in due time, diminish in productiveness or maintain its productive power at a greatly increased cost, that no new territory of corresponding value as to economic development and con- venient location may be substituted. “To a far greater extent than in America does successful permanency depend upon an extremely low cost tor the crude article. With a yield of only about 30 per cent of refined petroleum as compared with a yield of 70 to 85 per cent from the American crude, there is remaining an enormous re- sidual product, very little of which even now can be profitably marketed and very much of which can not be marketed at all.’’ It will appear then that 1f this bulk oil carrving steamer proves a success others will be added to the trade,which will insure cheap and safe transportation of oil, thereby en- abliug this country to continue to command the petroleum trade in foreign countries, FOREST FIRES. Neither the present or the prospective timber supply of the lake region, already greatly reduced by gross mismanagement and carelessness, justifies any such loss as this country has experienced during the past six weeks, and it should be the duty of legislators to enact state laws for the pro- tection of forests, Forest fires are inevita- ble, especially in regions of light or un- certain summer rain, yet by due care they can be greatly reduced. They are generally the result of carelessness, the starting of brush fires upon farms, the camp fire of the hunter or woodsman. Such carelessness should be held responsible under the law and the law strictly enforced. These fires have burned over what was the most valuable and productive white pine forests in the world, the great pine belt of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. They have destroyed thousands of acres of timber upon the waters of the upper Chip- pewa in Wisconsin, on the streams that flow into the Menominee, both from Wis consin and Michigan and along the shores ot Lake Superior, .and masters of vessels, trading in that region, report the smoke so dense as to make navigation exceedingly difficult. The region which these forest fires have swept over is by nature a forest country. Its severe climate in winter, its sandy and often barren soil and insufficient natural drainage render it unsuitable for ordi nary agricultural crops. Pine grows here, however to the greatest perfection, and to the perpetual production of pine any broad system of agriculture would devote all such regions. Not only do these fires destroy the standing timber bnt also the stock that represents millions of dollars worth of labor, and renders the soil unfit for supporting a further growth, making the forest land a wothless desert. SECRETARY WHITNEY has determined to include in the list of new cruisers for which proposals are to be invited, the large unarmed cruiser authorized by the bill passed two weeks ago to increase the naval establishment, and has directed that for this vesse] the plans prepared by Chief Con- structor White of England for the ship known as Number 27 be used. ‘These plans contemplate a vessel of greater power and speed than any cruiser now afloat—in fact, the very highest powered vessel of the kind in the world at the time of completion, The principal dimersions of the vessel are: Length over all, 335 feet; beam extreme, 48 feet 8 inches; draft, mean, 19 feet 6 inches; load displacement, 4,418 tons; estimated speed, 19 knots. ‘I'he main battery consists of four eight-inch and six six-inch breech loading rifles; secondary battery, eight 57 min single-shot Hotchkiss guns, two 37 mm revolver machine guns, and one short gatling. The hull will be constructed of steel throughout, with double bottom run- ning the entire length of the machinery space or 150 feet. The machinery, magazines, shell rooms, torpedo rooms, and steering gear are placed below an armored deck which is four inches thick on its sloping sides, and 232 inches on the horizontal part amidships. ‘lhe boat will be provided with five above water torpedo launching tube, electric search lights, incandescent lighting apparatus for lighting ship, and a complete system of exhaust ventilation for living spaces, in connection with the system tor forcing combustion. The engines will be capable of developing 10,500 indicated horsepower with forced dratt. Tue Sherman brigade will hold its annual reunion at Crestline, Ohio, on the 25th, 26th, 27th, and 28th inst., and a pleasant time is anticipated. McLaughlan’s squadron of cavalry, which had the honor of opening communications with the blocking fleet off St. Catherine’s Sound, Georgia, when Sher- man’s army of invasion reached the sea- board, will be present and expects to have a joyful season. OBITUARY. CAPTAIN 84M MOORE. Captain Sam Moore, until recently one of mogt prominent vessel men on the lakes, died at New Orleans Monday night of con- gestive malaria fever, His illness was very briet. Last week he wrote home saying that he was enjoying the best of health and Tuesday his wife received a telegram an- nouncing his death. Captain Moore has been identified with the lake marine asa master and owner of vessels for the last thirty years, and was highly esteemed for his excellent qualities. His early life was spent in the north of [reland, where he was born December 26, 1833. At the age of fifteen years he shipped onan ocean going vessel, and during the ensuing seven years made voyages to almost every part of the world. In 1852, having received a thorough training in seamanship, he arrived in New York, and in company with Captain Buck- ley set out for the lakes, On reaching Buf- falo he secured a berth ona sailing vessel, and early in the spring of that year reached Chicago, From that time he has made hi- cago his home. -T'wo years after coming to the lakes he was made master of a vessel, and in 1857 he invested his savings in the schooner Eliza Logan, which he owned and sailed for several years. Subsequently he was owner and master of the Kate Rich- ‘mond, City of Milwaukee, Golden Harvest, Dan Tindell, Bay State, Golden West, and Two Fannies. His first and only wreck ex perience was inthe Two Fannies, the ves- sel drifting on a reef at Elk Rapids, although she was afterwards recovered and rebuilt. In 1878 he bought the schooner Zach Chandler and sailed her until the summer of 1882, when he sold out and went to Europe to visit the home of his childhood. Having amassed a comfortable fortune he decided to abandon the lakes for good, and live the re- mainder of his days in quiet retirement. The old sailor, however, found life away- from the water more dreary than he anticipated, and ‘ast year he built a small steamer, which he christened the Bessie M. after his little daughter. When the boat was com- pleted he took her to New Orleans through the Illinois River and down the Mississippi, accompanied by his family and a party of friends. Since reaching New Orleans he has employed his time in taking excursion parties ont to the National Cemetery on his steamer. He owned considerable real estate in Chicago and leaves hesides his wife a three-year old daughter. INMAN’S LINE OF TUGS. All steamers and vessels trading to Du- luth will please take notice that the tugs owned by Willlams, Upham & Company have consolidated with B. B. Inman’s tugs, forming a line of six first-class tugs. We shall do all in our power to give satisfac- tion, both in our work and prices. We are now prepared to take contracts for wrecking jobs, raft towing, dredging, and vessel work. The line will be chris- tened The Inman Line, and will be fitted with a first-class wrecking fitout, steam pumps, hawsers, diving suit and lighter. B. B. Inman as manager. Steam, as compared to water, occupies 1,728 times as much space. A cubic inch of water will make 1,728 cubic inches of steam at atmospheric pressure. Now, if this steam is compressed into half the space it occupies at atmospheric pressure, it will be double that pressure, or 15 lbs. above the atmos- phere; it will then occupy only 864 cubic inches, If reduced again to halt its volume, it will occupy 482 cubic inches, and will have 30 Ibs pressure. Reduced again to half the volume, the steam will occupy 216 cubic inches, and will have 60 lbs. pressure to the square inch. We can go on reducing in this way until we find that a cubic inch of water.turned into steam and compressed into a space of three cubie inches, will have the somewhat enormons pressure of 3,840 lbs. to the square inch,— Mechanical Engineer. The steambarge Clinton, on her way from Chicago to Kingston, with two bargesin tow, broke her eccentric straps when fifteen miles off Milwaukee, and had to enter:that harbor for repairs, Tbe two barges she left out in the lake, and they were kept under sail un- til a tug arrived to tow them into harbor. —_—_——W@uquq@qx9<—o A sudden and unaccountable rise of water in the river was followed by a strong out. ward current, The propeller Conemaugh got caught in itand her starboard quarter was swung against the Lackawanna coal trestle. It took six tugs to pull her away. Slight damage was done to the dock and boat.— Buffalo Express. : ‘crew and the two men from the station, the [Around the Lakes Continied from Ist Page.] ‘: ——OEOOOOeeeeeee ERIE. The new flash light pier was completed on the 13th by Strang & Gilmour of Lorain. The contract was to build a pier 400 teet in length; 10 feet in width, extending ina north westerly directian from the peninsula, and at a point 100 feet east of the flash light. | Captain Gilmour riprapped the last crib, at the outer end. Captain Bumpus of the light- house engineers’ department was the in- spector of the work. Since the pier was sunk there has already been formed a beach over two rods in width west of the pier and off the lighthouse. While the setion of the winds may wash the sands out from the outer end of the pier, which, by the way, runs from two to seven feet in depth, it will without doubt form a heavy bar, which cannot help but give the flash light the pro- tection the department meant to secure by having the structure built. The cost was but $5,500, butit will-prevent the entire dis- solution of that portion of the peninsula. GRAND HAVEN. The steamer Emma E. Thompson sprung aleak in Lake Michigan shortly after leav- ing port, the water gaining so fast on the pumps that her fires were put. out, and she sounded distress signals, which , were re, sponded to by the propeller Anna Laura- The water logged steamer was towed into this port and made fast to the south pier where she settled down in eighteen feet of water, The Thompson is owned hy 8. B. Cobb, and is insured for $8,000 in the Adtna. As soon as Mr, Cobb learned of the accident he engaged a large rotary steam pump and shipped it to Grand Haven on the steamer Dunbar. Captain Rounds, representing “Etna, accompanied the expedition. As soon as the Thompson is pumped out she will be towed to Chicago by the Dunbar. DULUTH. Captain Ira Mansfield, master of the Iron Cliff, which arrived on the 18th with coal, was sick on the way ur and is still confined : to his bed. There is a very strong demand for ton- nage at this port just now at4 cents, and the prospects are that the demand will continue all season. A vessel was chartered this week for ore from Ashland to Chicago, $1.38. Captain Ray T. Lewis has concluded to go into the newspaper business an! articles of incorporation have been taken out for the Journal of Commerce Publishing Com- pany, with a capital stock of $25,000. Cap- tain Lewis will Assume the business man- ! agement of the corporation. He Is loud in his praises of the present prospects of Du- luth, and predicts for it a brilliant future. Captain Lewis is a gentleman of wide ex- perience in business affairs, and will be a valuable addition to the business circles of the city. : Major J. M. Mansfield, lighthouse engi- neer of the eleventh district, is here investi- gating the necessity of having a new light- house on the inner end of the south pier, making a range with the present light. He is very much in favor of it. He also goes to Two Harbors to see about establishing a lighthouse at that point. The steamer Queen of the Lakes, plying on Vermillion lake, near Duluth, was burned to the water’s edge Monday morn- ing. Loss, about $4,000; insurance, $2,000. She was owned by Barney Lynch ot Duluth. TEXAS, Captain Chapman, of the life saving ser- vice, with the aid of his marine glass, dis- covered that there was something wrong on board a steam yacht off shore in Mexico bay, and that the yacht was in distress. He touk a small boat with one man, Perry Marsh, a surfman, and went to the assist- ance of the yacht. The lake was not very rough near the shore, but once outside they encountered very heavy seas. People from the balcony of the hotel and along the shore watched the small craft with much anxiety, Many times they thought the little boat was swamped, but she lived and boarded the yacht about three miles out which proved to be the Fredonia, Captain Wm. Parks, from Dunkirk, She had taken fire around the arch by over heating. She was on her* way to the Thousand Islands with a load of passengers. The passengers were much ex- cited and alarmed, but by the efforts of the fire was extinguished, By the advice of Keeper Chapman the yacht was headed fo: the little bay at Pleasant Point, can lie in safety until repaired. men from the. ‘station by great hard rowing returned. , neg shore they were cheered by hun people, who had been wate their trip. oo much praise of the two n fete the assi