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- bala Harbor. Oe Bl avine Record. Street, [Leader Building) Cleveland, O. A. A. POMEROY, EDITOR AND PUB BRANCH OFFICE: 252 South Water Street, Chicago, Mlinols, THOMAS WILLIAMS, Associate Editor. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: One yeas, postage paid........ Invariably n advance, aoe sserasers 2,00 Sk. months, postage paid......serrereer sreeeeere 1.00 rance of those who are for the time being keeping him afloat. The one radical cure for the grumbling passenger is a passage of ‘the Atlante without trying to teach, and curry favor, or scrape acquaintance with the driver of the marine omnibus, accordiug to our belief, ought to undergo just such treat- nent. IMPORTANT LINKS. So important a Jink to the chain of lakes as the 8S’. Clair canal, and abcut which so THE MARINE RECORD can ve found for | much has recently been written, is finally sale by the following news dealers : * CLEVELAND, O.—G. F. Bowman, corner 0 Pear] and Detroit Streets, Evans & Van Epps, Superior street, Cleveland, | R. A. Castner, 254 Detroit street, Cleveland. ASHTABULA HARBOR, O.—C, Large. CHICAGO, ILL,—Joseph Gray, 9 West Ran- dolph Street. CHICAGO, ILL.—H. B. Hansen, 33 West andolph Street. BUFFALO, N. Y.—Miss McCabe, Elk Street, near Ohio. DETROIT, MIC H.—Connors’ Marine News Ce ILWAUKEE, WIS.—T. 8. GRAY, CO. 126 Wisconsin St. SAULT STE MARIE—J. P. Haller. ASHTABULA HARBOR—O. M. Kahne, ERIE, PA.—Reed Caughen, 816 State St. DULUTH, MINN.—C. F. Johnson, 323 West Swperior Street. MARQUETTE, MICH.—J. A. Vannier. ESCANABA, MICH.—Wm. Godley. ESCANABA, MICH.—George Preston, SARNIA, ONT.—D. McMasters. OWEN SOUND, ONT.—J. Sharpe, Jr. KINGSTON, ONT.—F. Nisbet, corner Bri ok and Wellington Streets. Subscribers and others are respectfullv invited to use the columns of the MARINE RECORD for the discussion of pertinent topics. Entered at the Post Utice at Cleveland as second- class mail matter. CLEVELAND. V., ¢ANUARY 10. CLEVELAND VESSEL OWNERS ASSN ORGANIZED IN 1880. {[Membership, 1387! Sixty-five steamers agg’ ega:1ly ------ ----67,865 O08 Ninety-five sail and consort, agegregating.60,089 ons, ‘Maintains shipping offices at Cleveland and Ashta- Regulates wages, protects crews, and es cognizauce of all matters in the interest of its mbers and of the Lake Commerce generally. President - Vice President MATE! AILING MASTERS. following from the Philadelphia Ledger is given’for what it is worth: ‘*I went across on one ef the North German “Lloyd steamers, and found it much more agreeable than the British steamer, and I should think that they were bette patronized, for when I cameback I could not get. berth on one of three North German Lloyd ships and had no trouble in getting one on the crack Cunard steamer. The British skippers refuse to learn anything. and seem to think that they are respected more if they refuse to make conces sions to the reasonable demands of the traveling public”. It is just such a spirit or disposition as is evinced by the writer of the above, which tecds to make ordinary traveling monotonous and unpleasant in trivial matiers. The wri- ter evidently was willing to teach the skipper everything in a few days, especially the best, safest, and most correct way to handle his boat, and the proper way to conduct himself in the presence of passengers, ete , imagining that because his teaching: were not appreci- ated the skipper was aman of boorish and uncultured habits; yet ifit could be thor, oughly understood that probably a score of just such people are on board of an Atlantic passenger steamer every passage, all willing to enter upon the task of running the boat, cap- tain, and passengers, less regard would be taken of the fact that the captain’s fault lies in his strictly attending to his own business, while to converse, or spend more time with any one passenger, to the exclusion of others would create asmall feeling of jealousy. Frequent complaints have been made just on these lines, hence, a long experience has taught the masters of the North Atlantic pas- senger steamers that civility to all and inti- macy to none is the most level and equitable way to carry on their business, and although they may often wish to relax their vigilance and bearing in the presence of people who have frequently traveled on the steamer, yet official discipline will not allow them to do so. A gentleman not interested in the direct working of the vessel will at all times be wil- ling to admit the advisability of allowing the proper officials the full credit of their quali- fications, especially for the few days in which he happens to be brought into contact with them. While a carping amateur will en- deavor by insinuations and otherwise to prove the utter incompetency and total igno- | declared to be under the jurisdiction of the ' United Stutes government, according to the | position of the boundary lire between the United Stutes and Canaaa, as fixed by the ‘commissioners in June, 1882, under the treaty of Ghent. While the exercise of ju- risdiction by Canada, over the exceedingly small portion of the eastern boundary, could not in any way effect the use or con trol of thecannl by the United States ton- nage. The qvestion being thus settled’ vessel interests will feel greatly relieved, as no farther anxiery need be entertained re- garding possible international complica- tions, arising from a partial or disputed control of the Si. Clair ship canal, The question of jurisdiction over this important link to the chain of lakes was not settled be- fore ovcasion demanded, while a thorough and clear*determination of the boundary line as coonected with the lake traffic ought to be marked wherever practicable, so that people might ordinarily be advised without the unnecessary trouble of searching out the facts from legal records. The waters leading to, and adjacent ‘to the Saulte Ste. Marie canal must also be clearly defined, so that no expenditure by the United States in the way of establishing light houses, fog signal stations, drelging operations, and other improvements will be appropriated to the ‘use of the Canadian marine without due acknowledgements being made, and enforced, so that in the fu- ture of the Saulre canal no feature of ob- struction to the laws-of trade and comity will be experienced. The steedy increase of American com- merce through the present Saulte Ste. Marie canal argues the fact that within a decade from now, vast improvements will be ubso- lutely necessary, to facilitate the merchant marine ot the great lakes in. navigating the approaches, and towards their safe conduct through this gate, or link, which has been | the means of transporting at a minimum cost the immense amount of six million’ and @ quarter tons, of merchandise during the, | past season, showing a financial increase of three million dol!ars over last season. With- out entering the field of statistics this annu- al increase may be placed as ar average guide to what in ail probability, will be the usial advancement in the future when the |iren mining jregions, and the wheat area, ‘| becomes more extended. The half a mil- lion dollars recently voted for the extension and improvements at the Saulte is but a mv ielare sum compared with the vast inter- ests involved, for not only does this con- nection influence and interest the states bordering on the Jakes, tut it is of national im portance in bringing our north west ter- ritory in tone with the more »dvanced and civilized portion of the sister states, besides allowing large industrics to flourixh on the ground Which a few yeurs ago was an un- producable portion of the country, while to day enorn) us quantities of iron ore, copper grain, lumber and coal, is handled on uc- count of the facilities given by the Saulte canal, and the six hundred thousand square mies to the weatward has not eyen yet awoke tothe grand possibilities of its com- ing industries. Water transportation has made possible the settlement, and develop. ment already attained and the growing im- portance of that section of the country situa- ted at the head, or the extreme western portion of Lake Superior, goes to prove the concentration of business and traffic to the po nts where water transpar'aticn becomes availabl-, and notwithstanding the present facilities {or navigating the St. Mary’s river we would earnestly urge the necessity of Still greater efforts being made toward sim- proving a highway, theimporuance of which to future generations can not be too highly estimated, while at the present time the 85. Clair, and the Saulte caval, is rivaled only by the North Atlantic passenger trade, The mild weather of Decemoper is by no means unprecedented. Since 1840 there have been thirteen years whose Decembers have exceed in warmth the ‘month just ended. These were: 1841, 1843, 1844, 1847, 1852, 1851, 1857, 1861, 1862, 1869, 1878, 1878, 1881 and 1887. ‘The warmest December of these years was in 1881, when the ayerage temper- ature was 84.8°. December, 1876, was an extremely cold month, the mean temperature being 17,2°. The highest temperature dur- ing December, 1888, was 47°, and the lowest zero, Since 1840 there have been eight New Year’s days when the weather was warmer than on Tuesday, These were in the years 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1870, 1874, 1876, and 1886. In 1848 the average temperature on New Year’s day was 41.3°, the highest being 45°, and on the following day it reached 57°. NEW TONNAGE. The tonnage of the great lukes is fast be- coming the leading feature in the merchant marine of the United Sates and natura! obstacles ulone prevent us from entering into contracts for the construc ion of naval ves- sels. Should these obstructions ever be cleared away and wa'er enough found to float vessels of large dimensions to the 8 a coast, we need not stretch a thread of im- agination to believe that the lake region would soon become the shipyard of the re- public, The essential points of shipbuilding are in having the men, money and materials. Tne nany e tablished shipyards havin» all the Intest and be:t modern appliances and machinery prove that we have the first necessary qualification. Tne 100,000 tons of shipping put afloat in the last year, and the magnificent showing of new ves-els for this year demonstrate the financial ability of the states bordering the industries of Michigan, Wisconsin, Min- nesota, amply testify to the unlimited supply of material; hence the Iegical inference must be drawn that in no better, or more con venient place could this “large industry be carried on to advantage providing as we stated before a water communication was to be opened up to the coust line. While surpassing the New England states in point of shipbuilding our land locked waters limit the output to home require- Mhe Marine Reconil. menis, yet being thas heavily handicapped we show according to the report of the United S-ates commissioner of navigation for the fiscal year ending Jane 80, 1888, a clear guin in new tonnage over the Atlantic sea- board ot 8 per cent and this ga‘n is in the face of a statement that the coasting trade is em- ploying more and better vessels every year. Cleveland builds at present about the same tonnage in the aggregate as the whole state of Maine with this destinction, however, that while Maine builds almost exclusively sail- ing craft of less than 1,000 tons, Cleveland turns out practically nothing but large and costly steamers, fitted out elaborately, having high classed machinery, and the most mod- ern devices for facilitating the handling and transportation of freight. Boffulo shipyards have also pnt afloat) of three quarters of a foot. Lake Superior, steamers which the old established sbip-! in 1866, was four- tenths of a foot lower than yards ea:t could not duplicate in point of speed, model and capacity and ‘he propel- Jers Owego and Chemung may in all fair- ness and honesty be classed among the best bottoms of their style afloat. While D-troit, with its large composi'e, and wooden shipyards has produced vessels which the eye of a practical shipbuilder, or seaman could not but admire, and which in the ordinary course of trade will stand the ravages of time for the next fifty years, re- flecting honor and credit on their skillful and enterprising architects. x THE LAKE LEVEL. | ‘ots Cap‘ain N. T. Trade, ina communication a to the Detroit Evening Journal, having ad- vanced the opinion that the low water which bas caused so much inconvenience the past two seasons in Detroit and St. Clair | rivers is the result of the, deepening of the Limekiln crossing. Gen. O. M. Poe, United 3 “states engineer in charge of the lake im- provements, makes the following statements “The widening and deepening of the Lime- kiln crossing has no effect on the lowering ~ of the water in the Jakes, Ifthe statement — of the correspondent is true it must follow © that Luke Erie would be higher, but the re— verse is true. During the last six years Lake Erie has been constantly falling, and in the year ending June, 1888, it fell a mean \the year before, and in 1877 it was bigher than in 1886, and in 1888 is still higher — again. While Luke Erie, tor the year end- mi ing 1 st June, shows a fall of three-quarters of a foot, the other lukes above the Detroit river and the Limekiln cressing showa Jesser fall and Luke Ontario, which should, ' according to the statement of the corres- : pondent, receive all this extra water, shows the greatest fall of any, and in the year end- ing June, 1888, si:iowed a fall of water of j one foct and a half. None of the lukes are as low now as they have been on other occa- sions, betore anything was done to the | | Capacity BUILDERS. Class. | Gross | Estimated PROSPECTIVE OWNERS. Tons. alue. Globe Iron Works Co., Cleveland, steel........ 2,300 $260,000 | Lehigh Valley Trans. Co. Globe Iron Works Co., Cleveland, steel.. 4 2,300 260.000 | Lehigh Valley Trans. Co. Globe Iron Works Co., Cleveland, steel.. 3,000 275,000 | Mutual Trans. Co, Globe Iron Works Co., Cleveland, steel 2,500 Northern Trans, Co. Globe Iron Works Co., Cleveland, steel 2,500 Northern Trans. Co. Globe Iron Works Co., Cleveland, steel. . 2,500 Northern Trans. Co. (North Queen. Globe Iron Works Co., Cleveland, steel. 1,800 Wallace, et al. Cleveland Shipbuilding Co., Cleveland, stee 2,800 240 000 | Cleveland Iron Mining Co, Cleveland Shipbuilding Co., Cleveland, steel... 700 300.000 | Michigan Central R. R. Cleveland Shipbuilding Co., Cleveland, steel... 2,500 200,000° | Cleveland Iron Mining Co; Thomas Quayle’s Sons, Cleveland,......... : 2,200 130,000 Wilson Transit Line. Thomas Quayle’s Sons, Cleveland.... 2,400 140,000 | R. R. Rhodes, et al. Thomas Quayle’s Sons, Cleveland. .... 140,000 | Lockwood, et al. William Radcliffe & Son, Cleveland... 105,000 | M. A. Bradley, et al. Cleveland Drydock Co., Cleveland....... 130.000 | Capt. H. J. Johnson, et al. Detroit Drydock Co., Detroit, steel passer 350,000 | Detroit & Cleveland Steam Nay. Co. Detroit Drydock Co,, Detroit, Composite 180,000 | Percheron Navigation Co. Detroit Drydock Co., Detroit, Composite 180,000 | Michigan Navigation Co. Detroit Drydock Co., Detroit, Composite 180,000 | Inter Ocean Trans, Co. Detroit Drydock Co., Detroit, Composite 180,000 | For Sale. Detroit Drydock Co., Detroit............ 160,000 | Fitzgerald, Egan & Armour, Detroit Drydock Co., Detroi 135,000 | For Sale. Detroit Drydock Co., Detroit. 75,000 | Humphrey, et al. John Oades & Son, Detroit.... 85,000 | For Sale. F. W. Wheeler, West Bay City. 125,000 | Gratwick, Smith & Freyer Lum. Co. ¥. W. Wheeler, West Bay City. 125.000 | Waldo, Roby & Duddleson. F. W. Wheeler, 125,000 | James McBrier, et.al. F. W. Wheeler, 125,000 | Ward’s Detroit & Lake Sup. Line. F. .W. Wheeler, 125,000 | Fitzgerald, Egan & Armour. F. W. Wheeler, West Bay City, ger, 25,000 | Richard Armstrong. F. W. Wheeler, West Bay City, passenger. 25,000 | Delta Transportation Co. F. W. Wheeler, West Bay City, passenger, 25,000 | Delta Transportation Co. James Davidson, West Bay City......... 150,000 | For Sale, James Davidson, West Bay City q For Sale. James Davidson, West Bay City Eastman & Wilhelm. Eastman & Wilhelm, James Davidson, West Bay City James Davidson, West Bay City,.......++ ‘Union Drydock Company, Buffalo, steel .: R. Mills & Company, Buffalo : “Morley & Hill,’ City. D. Lester, Marine City’ . Lester, Marine Cityiiens vans , & S. T.Company, Marine Cit; T. & S. T. Company, Marine City. Holland & Pringle, Marine City. ..... William Dulac, Mt. Clemens. ... William Dulac, Mt. Clemens.... William Dulac, Mt. Clemens, . Simon Langell, St. Clair | Milwaukee Shipyard Co., Milwai Wolf & Davidson, Milwaukee... John Craig & Son, Trenton .. John Craig & Son, Trenton ...... John Craig & Son, Trenton, passenger. R. W. Linn, Gibraltar ...........2. 065 R. W. Linn, Gibraltar ......... H. B. & G. B. Burger, Manitowoc H. B. & G. B. Burger, Manitowoc Rieboldt & Wolters, Sheboygon Napolean Grignon, Duluth.... Capt. Monk, Sandusky, ngel Freeman & Kellogg, Green Bay Grand Haven Shipbuilding Co. . Alex. McDougall, Duluth, iron. Totals.. ...... .. For Sale. John Kilderhouse, etal. . R. Mills & Co., et al. 150, _| For Sale. 5(70°000 “Marine Transit Coz ~ a 75,000 | Marine sit Co. 65,000" |'Own account. 45,000 | Own account. 80.000 | Own account, ‘70,000 | Detroit people. _ 25.000 | Tonawanda Barge Line. 9,000 | Tucker Bros, * 75,000 | For Sale. . 95,000. | J. Fitzgerald, et al. 85,000 | Wolf & Davidson. 130,000 | For Sale. ~ ; 85.000. | Comstock & Churchill. ; 25,000 | For Sale. i : 60,000 | For Sale. 65,000 | Lockwood Taylor & Co. 200,000 | Goodrich Transportation Co. 85,000 | Jonathan Boyce. bea 45,000 | Charles F. Ruggles, et al. 25,000 | Capt. Yocum. ~ 30000 | Andrew Wehrle. 23,000 | Own account. 85,000 | Own account. 80,000 | McDougall et al. Number of new boats 64. ere nen SS LT RR RR AE A TT! AFFECT THE GREAT LAKES? Daring the sun spot maximum of 1883-4 -5-6 the great lakes were at very high l-v- els. Ontario’s waters were so high as to submerge docks at Irondequoit bay. Dur- ing the present sua spot minimum the lake is low. This year the lake is two teet lower than it was last year, Captain Palfrey, of the United States engineers, made a state- ment of the present low condition of the lake before the chamber of commerce, Monday evening, * The Democrat and Chronicle called at- tention to the high water in connection with maximum sun spots during the max- imum. During the high water, lake storms were very destructive. Their force was increased by the solar activity and the waves reached further, eating into the bluffs of the south shore, causing serious damage to property a. many points. Sever- al buildings were undermined at Sea Breeze and the tracks of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg railway were encroached upon for a long distance west of Sea Breeze. A gentleman residing in Perry states that Silver Lake is now so low as to cause serious alarm. The outlet has dried up, and the surplus waters are discharged by evaporation alone. Silver Lake follows the general rule of a periodicity in high and low water, corresponding with the sun spot maximum and minimum.—Rochester Dem- ocrat. { While giving all credit to the solar world for its immense influences, it must be distinctly remembered that this earth’s satellite controls the rise and fall of tides on a much greater degree than any other agen- cy or power. Mr. Mansill explains ocean tides and tidal waves with the theory that the,electric current between the moon and the earth exercises an elastic pressule on the waters of the earth, acting with greatest force about the vertical of the moon’s me- DO SUN SPOTS f ridian bassage, the waters being lowest under the pressure, and rising as it de- creases, —ED. } LARGE LUMBER IN rERESTS. Puget Sound lumber is the oldest, most profitable, and the most actively prosecuted industry of the sound, employing as it does a capital of over $60,000,000 and. thousands of men. Six or eight combined and wealthy saw mill companies virtually control it, own- ing their own timber lands, ships, stores, and the town sites upon which their mills are located, the dwellings of which are sim- ply rented to their employes. ‘hey gov- ern not only the price of the manufactured articles, but the amount that shall be manu- factured and the price that shall be paid loggers for logs. These are mainly of red fir, the trees otten attaining a height of over 200 and a diameter of eight to ten feet, single logs frequently yielding over 16,000 feet of manufactured lumber.—Public Opinion, THE NORTHWEST, A visit to the schooner Northwest, as she lies af Pilot Island, was made last week by Thomas H. Smith, of the firm of Leatham & Smith, the Sturgeon-bay wreckers. The vessel was found in bad condition. She lies with her head to the southward and her stern toward the island, there being three feet of water under the stern to swing. She is bearing on the rocks two thirds of her length, and is bulged np between the fore and main hatch, which has thrown her deck up, opéned the seams in her bilge, broken the kee) and keelson, and probably broken at the bilge. Her rudder is thrown violently against the stern by every sea, and unless cut away will soon pound the stern to pieces, Mr. Smith does not think there will be anything left of the vessel by spring and does not want to touch her on any terms. ae a Limekiln crossing. The reason for the low- ness of the water now is simply the lack of precipitation; there bas been less rain and snow and consequently the lakes are lower, The lakes are nothing more than great pools of water in the rive, and are materially affected by rainfall. Another reason why the improvements do not lower the lakes is that there is no loss of material inthe bed ot the river. That is to say, there is no ebange in the cross section, and when the velocity of the river is the same and the cross section is the same the discharge is the same. ‘he excavations made in the Limekiln crossing improvement are not taken out otf the river entirely, but are move to another place, and the result is that while a depth of water is gained in ‘the © j channel it is accompanied by a correspond- == ing shallowness at the point where the ma- — terial taken out of the channel is dumped. : The cross section remains the same andthe —__ discharge the same. va NEWLY DISCOVERED ROOK IN GEOR: is trim oy GEAN BAY. cy eae » Notice is also given. that a danger. to be. known as McNab:rock, with 11 feet 2inch |of water over it, has «been reported’ by ‘Staff Commander Bolton, R.N., as lying E, 34: distant alittle more than half a nautical mile from the buoy on Surprise shoal. At 3 b- |rock ‘ape Croker isin line with the middlo of Griffith’s Island, and the west extreme Barrier Island is under the foot of the high b of Cape Dundas. A vessel passing The line joining Cabot Head and Ca; leads inside or south-westward of th ‘This shoal has two patches, the one going by the name of McNab_ which bears by compass N. by and one-half nautical miles from extremity of Cape Croker. Gri shut in altogether leads inside, and t! the island open of Cape Croker 1 the whole patch. Mgstngcn The following letter furnished b J. Moore bears on this question, _ Marine Dep’r., Orrawa, D DEAR Six; I beg to enclose you th and distance of the outer part of from Cape Croker. you or your brother seamen re( I shall be very glad to supply ing as above. I suppose you all have the ch trance to Georgian Bay. The tit Bay, number 906, and may be Charles Potter, 31 King street, being given free. Yours faithful: J. G. Bounrox, Comn THE NICARAGUA The friends of the are very confident that the amer in the House will be cone Senate. The Senate has aly Feces in earnest in behalf « the House. The amendinents House do not go to the merit o and are only designed to mitment of the United Sta‘ the financial endorsement ure disavow a desire to pl in the position of an indo: it is expected that the The new White Star frei; 4,600 tons, is said to ing capacity r tended asa a cargo at any can make a cont