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PLE RG rt LTT I OE RE : RRS 5s PUTRI ‘Published 1 Every ‘Thursday "Bravine Becora. Street, [Leader Building) Cleveland, 0. A. A, POMEROY, EDITOR AND PUB BRANCH OFFICE: 252 South Water Street, Chicago, Dlinois, THOMAS WILLIAMS, Associate Editor. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: “One yea, , postage paid... sserseses serseeeee 2,00 ‘Se. months, postage paid...,..... is Invariably n advance. THE MARINE RECORD can ve found for sale by the following news dealers ; CLEVELAND, O.—G. F. Bowman, corner 0 Pear] and Detroit Streets, Evans & Van Epps, Superior street, Cleveland, R. A. Castner. 254 Detroit street, Cleveland, ASHTABULA HARBOR, O.—C. Large. CHICAGO, ILL.—Joseph Gray, 9 West Ran- dolph Street. CHICAGO, ILL.—H. B. Hansen, 33 West andolph Street. BUFFALO, N. ¥.—Miss McCabe, Elk Street, near Ohio. DETROIT, MICH.—Connors’ Marine News T. S. GRAY, CO, MILWAUKEE, WIS.— 126 Wisconsin St. SAULT STE MARIE—J. P. Haller. ASHTABULA HARBOR—O. M. Kahne ERIE, PA.—Reed Caughen, 816 State St. DULUTH, MINN.—C. F. Johnson, 323 West Superior Street. MARQUETTE, MICH.—J. A, Vannier. ESCANABA, MICH.—Wm. Godley. ESCANABA, MICH.—George Preston, SARNIA, ONT.—D. McMasters, OWEN SOUND, ONT.—J. Sharpe, Jr. KINGSTON, ONT.—F, Nisbet, corner Brcok and Wellington Streets. Subscribers and others are respectfullv invited to use the columns of the MARINE RECORD for the discussion of pertinent topics. — Entered at the Post Utice at Cleveland as second- class mail matter. CLEVELAND. V., JANUARY 24. CLEVELAND VESSEL OWNERS’ ASSN ORGANIZED IN 1880. {Membership, 13871 Sixty-five steamers aggregating -.----.---- 67,865 ons _ Ninety-five sail and consort, aggregating 60,089 ons, _ Maintains shipping offices at Cleveland and Ashta- bala or. Regulates wages, protects crews, and es cognizauce of all matters in the interest of its ibers and ss ‘the Lake Commerce generally. President __. Vice President Py pee - = os . TONNAGE. ‘The word ton seems to have been de- rivea more from the measure of liquid ca- pacity than the unit of ship measurement, the word oriyinally indicating a wooden vessel of the shape of a cask, used for the storage and transport of wine, and itis more than probable that the tun became the unit of measure forthe ehip from the fact that from an early period it was the custom of the government to charge import duties and charges on wine were levied upon it The Nautical Magazine which Mr. Hall, who quotes original documents of an early date in connection with the revenues in England, says: ‘‘Out of every cargo of ten tuns, or above ten tins and under twenty tuns, one tun to be purchased by the king at his own price. Above twenty tuns two tuns to be so purveyed, and no more, irrespective of the bulk of the cargo. A further regulation prescribing that one tun shotld be taken from before the mast, and one behind it, points to the fact that the ves- gels of those times had but one mast and were not decked widships, hence the best practical measure of the size of ship would be the number of tun casks which would go into her hold. So far the word tonnage had no connection with the size of the ship, but acertain connection between tunnage imports and shipping is shown by the fact that sometimes when a subsidy of tunnage was voted to the king it was specified that it was to be applied to the sea defenses of the kingdom. As early as 1379 the French exacted from the British tonnage dues, and Richard II ordered duties to be levied upon vessels outward and homeward and that this was upon vessels and not upon cargoes is proved by the fact that fishing vessels were to pay a certain sum while employed in fishing. However, as trade and commerce increased a definite mode of measuring had necessa- rily to be established, and the several meth- ods here enumerated have been devised and practiced at various times. A shipwright and mariner named William Sutherland published a work in 1711 in which is stated two good old ways for finding the tonnage of a ship: first to multiply the length of the keel by the length of the midship beam, and also by one-half of the length of the ‘|rotten, and primitive looking |should be demolished by unanimous con- | sent of the city council, and solid, clean | stone structures erected to keep pace with of vessels. the grading and widening of streets, in the beain, and to “divide “by nine: four; the | second ru'e is to tuke the length of the keel, breadth of the beam, and depth of the hold, multiplying them together and dividing by ninety-five to give the tue burden for mer chant ehips, a method which at the present | day and secording to the models which are now put afloat would not only be erroneous but suinous to ship owners. Mon-ou, Bush- nell and others have determined a system in the past «qually faulty. Sterling’s rule for finding the contents of « curved body srems the more correct, and forms the basis of all the present rules for tonnage and displave- | ment. However, the subject of register tonnage is a wide one, and asthe model affects the stability, bearing, etc., of a ship, so will the mode of measuring be required to differ, 80 | as to meet the exact necessities of the different shaped hulls. A table which the writer has had for a number of years and which has apparently been copied froma work on the subject is certainly correct in some instances, and has been proven so; yet we do not vouch for its accuracy in general measurements. Multiply the length be- tweenthe perpendiculars by the extreme breadth, and this aguin by the depth of bold, then multiply by one of the following deci- mals: for yachts under sixty tons .5, ex- ceeding sixty tons .45, for a full built ves— sel.7, medium .66, sharp buiit .62, a high speed steamer .58. This result, divided by ninety-four, will give the approximate ton- nage under deck, and to obtain the approxi- mate total register tonnage add to the fore- going the space taken up by the deckhouses by multiplying together the leugth, breadth and depth of each and divide by one hun~ dred, the quotient will b+the tonnage. Quoting from the same source we are in~ formed that the cubic contents, multiplied by five, will give the amount of lamber that can be stowed inthe hold of a ves-el, five being a practical constun’. Again, to ascer~ tain the approximate dead weight of a cargo in tons, that a ship can carry in satety, mul- tiply the tonnage under deck by 1 5, adding 10 per cent for inland and coasting voyages. For measurement cargo at forty cubic feet to the ton, multiply the register tonnage by 19, tbe product will bethe approximate dead weight the ship will carry. These rules certainly bave the advantage of being simple. DOCKS AND PIFRS. A more suitable and commodious system of docks and piers ought to be built in all of the large ports on the lakes to take the place of the decaying old structures which at ‘preset adorn the banks of the rivers in Chicago, Buffalo, and Cleveland. he old, structures the march of improvements, aud to facili- ta'e the handling of cargo, and the mooring While attention is directed to heart of the cities, and parks, etc., receive a favorable share of tiie people’s wealth, the main artery of trade and commerce is left sadly neglected, and not more in one large city than another, for the old, rotten, tumble down whaivesare to be found in each. ‘fhe fact that water transportation has been the ehiet factor in making those cilies the center of trade, and prosperity, ought to call tor a greater degree of consideration than has ever been awarded to them by any loca} council, and we would venture to say that if any of the minor ports could gra p the fu- ture importance of their towns, due regard would be paid to the system of dock build ings, and the approaches to their harbors: No buildings should be erected nearer than fifty feet from the edge of the river, anda clear, unobstructed system of good docks ought to run in a continuous line both sides of the different rivers. Nor should a wood- en dock be any longer permissible, at least within the city limits. Instead of which, docks of solid masonry in coucrete or stone, well lighted, and made passable at all times to accommodate the traffic to and {rom the shipping frequenting the ports, with good well paved roads leading thereto. To ob- tain this desirable end the cities should be- come possessed of all the property lining the river fronts and exercise a thorough vigilance over the waterway, the extra facil- ities given being charged as a toll on each vessel and ves'ed interest until the improve- ments had been paid for, and the city could forego the revenue derived from this source. Already difficulty is found and expense is incurred in securisg suitable and safe berths for the winter months, and many valuable vessels are obiiged to make fast to docks which are not fit to tie a raft up to, while the miserable approach to them is in many cases a disgrace to any city. We have on other occasions called attention to the in- ereasing Gemand for better dock, and river frontage conveniences, and we shall keep hammering this subject from time to time until action is taken by the municipal au- thorities to remedy the present eyils, and and bring about a system of docks and wharves which will no longer be a disgrace fe a large and important centre of civiliza- tion, a HAYTI SAMOA. It is stated thet no le-s than five petty of- ficers of the U. 8S. war steamer Atlanta, | which sailed for Hayti la-t Sunday, deser'e, and one resigued becanse of dread of the yellow fever. If these reperts are true there must be «large amount of cowardice, as well as g itin our navel circles, and the sooner the cowurd y element is drawn trom the service the better. The idea of officers drawing pay while there is norisk and re-/ signing and dezerting their ships when required for duty must seem the very ex- treme of cowardice in the eyes of the people unacquainted with marine matters; while to those who know that a seaman should be (as the old lines say) ‘‘Al! as ore us a piece of the ship, and with her brave the worl! SECRETARY OF WAR’S APPROVAL OF THE DETBOIL? BRIDGE. The secretary of war in passing npen cer- tain provi-ions of «the Detroit bridgs bill gives the nea-ure his approval, so far as their rel ticns to his office ure concerned, but stipulass that future plans and specifi- | cations bused «pon the same shill be sub- | mitted to him for further consideration, An { effort has been made by representatives of the Long Spxn Bridge Co., an organization ; Whose ce rporate existance does not seem to | be estubli-hed enywhere, although it is rep- | resented iv the bill that it exists ‘ander the Jaws of the state of Michigan’, to induce the fecretury 10 at Onee create a commission to | g0 to Derroit and give a public hearing | with a@ view of ascertaining public senti- THE VESSEL OWNERS. The Vessel Owners’ Association held | their annual meeting yesterday ‘n the office — of Mr. M. A. Bradley. The attendance was very large. Mr. H. M. Hanna presided, and Mr, B. L. Pennington filled b's place as secretary of the associa'ion. The latter pre- sented his annual report covering the work of the organization during the past year. He stuted that the membership in the asso- ciation now represented eighty-threa steam and eighty-eight sail and consort vessels, a total tonnage of 147,850 tons. This was a larger showing than ever before repre- sented by the organization, The secretary also stated that in addi‘ion to the regular expenditures of running shipping offices, nearly $2,000 had been expr nded in secur without offering to flinch from the mone it! ment end relieving marine men of the ap- ing beneficial leyislation in the shape of the ancher’s w’ trip”. pline seems outrageous. ee ae HORACE A. TULTLE. The meeting «f the Cveveland Vessel Owners’ Associxtion at the office of M A, Bradley was «rganized January 22 by the election of R. K. Winslow, Esq.. as chair- man. On mtion a conmitte on res lutions was appointed cons sting of Harvey D. Guul- der, B. L. Pennington, and J, H. Palmer, Tle committee prssented the following reso— lutions, which were unanim usly adop ed: WuiReas, The members of this associa- tion h ve learned with profound sor- row of the death of Horace A. Tut- tle, for so many years closely and promivently idevtified with the iron ore carrying trade on the lakes; and WHEREAS, During his business career in this city his conduct was so honorable, his treatment of business associates so affable and courteous, that we are desirous, as individuals and as an association, of giviug expression to our appreciation of his kindness of heart and also wish tosignify our recognition of his integ- rity and high sense of honor, as well as his ability and efficieney in business and bis worth as a cit.zen; Resolved, Thatin the death of Horace A. Tuttle the business community of Northerao Ohio has suffered a great loss, the city of Cleve- land bas lost a valued citizen, and his 1mmedi- ate neighbors and persona! friends a worthy and genial companion, : Resolved, That we extend tothe family of the deceased cur sympathy in this their hour of sorrow; that, a3 amark of respect to his memo- ry, we will attend his fuveralina body; that the secretary be directed to transmit to tne family a copy of these resolutions, to eng/oss the same on the records of the association, and to furnish copies of the sume to the press of the city tor publication. . Harvey D, GouLpeEr, Bi Ly _ PENNINGTON, J. H. PALMER, ~ Committee. — NOTICE TO MARINERS. A new lightbouse tower has been erected by the govern .eut of Canada, tor the back range light at Kingsville harbor, in the South Ridiug of Essex, on the north shore of Lake Erie, On- tario, From and after the opening of navigation next year the back range light, heretofore shown from the front window of the dwelling house of Captain William J. Malott, referred to in notice to mariners No, 28, 1888, will be discontinued, and will be replaced by a light shown from the new tower, which will bea fixed bright or white light, elevated fifty-five feet above the level of the lake, and.visible from all poiuts seaward twelve miles, The illuminating appa- ratus will be dioptrc, of small size. The lighthouse toweris a square wooden build- ing painted white, surmounted by an iron lan- tern painted red; its height from the ground to the vane onthe lantern is twenty-nine feet, The tower stands on the top of the vank of the lake, at the head of the eastern back water pier, and 1s distant 1,050 feet north by west trom the front light. The two lights in range lead into the entrance of the harbor, the outer one, which is ten feet from the west edge of the pier, being left on the right hand or starboard -ide on entering. This notice affects admiralty charts Nos, 332 490, and. 678, and Canadian list of lights No. 206a, WiLLIAM SMITH, Deputy Minister of Marine, ro A PROPOSITION to establish a harbor of refuge for American whaling ships in the Arctic seas on the Pacific side of the conti- nent, is to vome before congre:s, and if the cost should notbe too great, reason will probably be found tor its favorable cousid- eration. The mortality in the whaling fleet bas been very greatin recent years. year a fleet of thirteen ships was totally lost. There are now two ships missing, caught in the ice, and likely never to be heard of more. If anything can be done to give greater safety to this branch of the merchant marine, it would be well to have it done. The Awerican vessels which cruise in the Arctic for whales every season represent an investment of $2,500,000, and carry several hundred men, Director Swift, of the Warner observa- tory, received notice of lhe discovery ofa new comot by Professor Brooks, at Smith ebservatory, Geneva, Its position is as follows: Right ascension, 18 hours 4 min- ntes; declination sonth, 21 degrees 20 min- utes, with a rapid westerly motion. The comet was faintish. . lakes This he declines to ao, however, until after congress bus adopted a resolutiou directing him to do so: William B. Moran aud Farncis F. Palms of Detroit called at the room of the house commi'tee on commerce ard insbected a drawing of the proposed bridge across the Hudson river at New York, a structure planned by Gostav Litdetthal and con- firming in the general plan to the proposed Detroit bridge. They expressed themselyes as highly pleased with it, and will use their inflvence to further the pzoject. They lett for New York to night but will return on Tuesday, s0 a: to be present at the hearing before the committee on the following Gay. “Tbe opposition to the bridge,” suid Mr. Moran, ** will come from Cleveland and Buffalo, but our people in Detroit will not object wheu they are fully informed in re- gard to what is contemplated. Why, the middie span of the Hudson river bridge is 500 feet longer than our whole bridge would be between the pre-ent banks of the Detroit river. How any one can imagine that it will be any obsiruction to commerce if built in accordance with the proposed pians is a mys ery tu me.”’ STURGEON BaY CANAL. We bave frequently been asked for the “imensions of the S urgeon Bvy Canal, and Cap‘ain Hewitt, who has great knowledge of those waters, kindly furnishes us with the followiug dimensions: widih, 100 feet; depth, 15 feet; length, 7,400 feet This ea- val is managed by a private corporation» and the officers are Jesse Spaulding, presi_ dent; William . Strong, a-sistant secretary and treasurer; E.S. Miner, superintendent. A pispatcH f1ow Liverpvol to Mr. Ander. son, agent ror the White Star Line, noti-| | | fied him that the Whi e Star Line’s Teutonic was launched from the Queen’s Island yard in B-ltast. Its length is 582 feet, making it the longest ves-el afloat; its breadth is 57 feet 6 inches, and its depthis 39 feet 4 inches, with a gross tonnage of nearly 10,000 tons. It is built of Siemens-Martin steel, and will be propelled by two inde- pendent. sets of triple. expansion engines, driving twin propellers with maganese bronze blades. The hull is minutely di- vided by athwartship bulkheads, with a longitudinal bulkhead running toreand aft through the greater portion of its length, giving additional rigidity and strength, and a greatly increasiug the security in the event of collision. It bas two funnels, and will have but three large taunt pole-masts, with- out yards, the application of the twin screws rendering the larger amount of sail power supsrfluous. cunuwwe—e—_—_——— Mr. Cantor introduced a bill in the Sen. ate for establishing a state uaval militia. It provides that whenever an enroliment of persons subject to miltary duty is made there sball also be an enrollment of all sea— } toring men engaged in the navigation of lakes, rivers, aud other waters, and all en- gaged in the construction and management of vessels. There shall bea voluntary en- listment of three battalions of the naval-re. | /serve artillery and one battalion of the The organ-} ization and discipline shall be patterned af- ter the faval branch of the Federal govern- ment. When the national government is ready to furnish facilities, the governor is naval-reserve torpedo corps. authorized to carry the programme into ef fect. —_—— ENGALND to-day pays a total of $4,000,000 in subsidies, and by that means she gets | One | $365,000,000 of the $665,000,000 paid for the joarrylog trade of the world, ‘Thereis such side, —_—_—————— OOOO A Paris special says: The first issue of the |. new shares of the Panama canal comapany ‘by the banque Parisienne will amount to 0,000,000 francs. A second issue will be made only in case of necessity. The new company obtains all the rights and privi- | leges of the old concern, including the right | to issne lottery bonds. The original hold- ers wiil receive 80 per cent. of the net profits | after the new company ‘shall have. been re. munerated. athing in America as being “‘penny wise and pound foolish,’? and the question of “subsidies” for the great carrying trade of the world and the decision of American statesmen upon it puts us on the “penny” he break in di-ci-| prehension that their interes's are threat- light-honses, signals, the marking and re- moval of obstructions, ete., and in prevent- ing obnoxious or legislation detrimental to the interests of navigation snch as was pro- posed by the Detroit bridge schewie, etc. At the conelusion of secretary Pennington’s report a motion was made and carried ree electing all the old cfficers, including the several shipping masters, as officers and shipping masters for the ensuing year. The list is as follows: presideut, H. M- Hanna; vice prsident, H. P. Lillibridge; sacretury and tueasvrer, B. L, Pennington; council, Harvey D. Goulder; shipping mas- ter for Cleveland, A. R, Rumsey: assistant shipping master for Cleveland, Fred Ben- nett; shipping master for Ashtabnla, Wil. liam Rennick. - An advisory board was elected as follows: Measrs. H. M. Hanna, P. G. Minch, George P. McKay, Thomas Wil. son, H. P. Lillibridge, R. K. Winslow, M. A. Bradley, J. H. Palmer, John W. Moon, W. D. Rees, W.C. Richardson and James Corrigan, Acommunieation was received from To-— Jed» requesting that the assoviation establish a branch office at that port. This matter was referred to the executive committee with power to act, The following resola- tio2 was also offered and adopted at the meeting :— R solved, That it is the sense of this meet- ing that the necessities of commerca at this port require the opening of the old river- bed, Resolved, Tnat the president appoint a commiitee of three members of this tion to co-operate with similar cnmm of the Board of Trade, with the mua tees of any other associations for the erance of the Bea of the “Luke Carriers? As held iv this. ay this week, every sensible ma : wtthin. Canadian of vessels published in No more money ou