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Plavine Hecord. ——o eee Pablished Every Thursday at 144 Superior Street, [Leader Building) Cleveland, O. A. A.POMEROY, EDITOR AND PUB f ; BRANCH OFFICE: eons \ 252 South Water Street, Chicago, Mlinois, : THOMAS WILLIAMS, Associate Editor. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: One yea, , postage paid........ ristesevasé osepevety @aV00, Si. months, postage paid,. Fovariably n advance. THE MARINE RECORD can ve found for sale by the following news dealers : CLEVELAND, O,—G. F. Bowman, corner of Pear] and Detroit Streets, Evang & Van Epps, Superior street, Cleveland. R. A. Castner, 254 Detroit street, Cleveland, ASHTABULA HARBOR, O.—C. Large. CHICAGO, ILL.—Joseph Gray, 9 West Ran- dolph Street. CHICAGO, ILL,—H. B. Hansen, 33 West andolph Street. BUFFALO, N. ¥.—Miss McCabe, Elk Street, : near Ohio. 2 DETROIT, MICH.—Connors’ Marine News CS SILWAUKEE, WIS.—T. S. GRAY, CO. 126 Wisconsin St. SAULT STE MARIE—J. P. Haller. ASHTABULA HARBOR—O. M_ Kahne f FRIE PA.—Reed Caughen, 816 State St. DU1UTH, MINN.—C. F. Johnson, 323 West | Superior Street. j MARQUETTE, MICH.—J. A. Vannier. i ESCANABA, MICH.—Wm,. Godley. i é ESCANABA, MICH,—George Preston. SARNIA, ONT.—D. McMasters, OWEN SOUND, ONT.—J. Sharpe, Jr. KINGSTON, ONT.—F. Nisbet, corner Brock and Wellington Streets. Subscribers and others are respectfullv invited to use the columns of the MARINE RECORD for the discussion of pertinent topics. Entered at the Post Uiice at Cleveland as second- efase mail matter. CLEVELAND, O., FEBRUARY 7. CLEVELAND VESSEL OWNERS’ ASSN ORGANIZED IN 1880. [Membership, 1889.] Highty-three steamers, aggregating........... 93,186 tons ‘Bighty-eight sail and consort, aggregating 54,664 tons Maintain shipping offices at Cleveland and Ashta- pula Harbor. Regulates wages, protects crews, and takes cognizance of all matters in the interests of the bers and of the lake commerce generally. r stones ++, Conngel OR ADVISORY BOARD. G. Minch, H. 2. Lil- Ww, ‘A. R. Rumsey, 93 dook, Cleveland; Fred Bennet, as- sistant, 98 dock, Cleveland; Wm. Reunick, Ashtabula Harbor. ; : ‘ MARINE RECORD—OFFICIAL PAPER, SAMOA. The Samoa difficulty has, no doubt, turned the attention of our Congressmen to the. fact that we are almosf at the mercy of a third rate naval power, and the consequence must necessarily follow that we may look fora esha more energetic support of the floating inter— ests, both naval and mercantile. The first question presenting itself to che mind of the nation is what strength can we bring to bear in coping successfully with our opponent in the euent of diplomatic negotia- tions proying futile, and the unprepared state of our resources must perforce meet. this inquiry. The next query would be, if a toler- able navy was at hand are there men practiced | in the art of naval warfare, in sufficient num- bers to handle and manoeuver these large float- j ing bodies. This question would certainly require to be answered in the negative. With such a showing as the above it will not be sur- prising to hear that new life has been initiated into the mysterious depths of the naval ad- ‘ ministration, and a more dilligent and effect- ive spirit be witnessed in the affairs, legis— 2 Jative and practicai, concerning the nation’s safeguard, viz.: an eflicient and thoroughly bey equipped navy. Citizens in general may look : toward the naval academy at Annapolis, ex— pecting that the flower of the future Ameri— can navy is being cultivated there, and will, by ‘ the time our ships are built, be ready to blos— som out in all the full-fledged majesty of naval constructors, instructors, and officers, yet the fact must be admitted that all those who are qualified to enter do not make a success of their intended or adopted profession. From reports recently to hand we find that no less than twenty-five cadets of the naval academy were found unsatisfactory in their studies ’ during the semi-annual examination, just ae closed, and it is further stated that a number of them will either resign yoluntarily or be compelled to resign, a situation, by the way, which has no choice of alternative, and which argues ill for the supply of qualified officers __.__ required in the event of complications arising ay with Germany on the Samoan question. Al- Se ready it has been suggested by an excellent pam authority aud thrown broadcast over the world ‘| protect the rights of / that the United States have no war ships fit to cope with the German fleet, and that if Ger— many so desired she could easily blockade and shell our principal cities on the seacoast, a righteous conclusion we are sorry to say, however inglorious it may be. Yet a conelu- sion that this country must not be permitted t allow fora single moment longer than is absolutely necessary our building and main-} still feél cons‘rained to adhere to my con- victions. I bave taken the liberty to call your attention to the question presented for the reason that you are an important factor and representative in all that relates to the mari- time affairs of the lakes. Inviting your in- dulgence for the liberty | have taken in ad— dressing to you this co;amunication, I sub- scribe myself, very respectfully fea ie This scheme has been before congress in va- taining a navy fitto uphold the dignity and {rious shapes, and in the form of a canal as an American whether located in Samoa or the Hebrides. cause of considerable friction, yet we are of the opinion that nothing more than a newspa— per war and a nine day’s wonder, will end the strong feeling aroused, and explanations, mis- understanding and disavowals will assist di- plomacy in patching up the quarrel. Yeu the lesson experienced must not be lost sight of, anda strong navy, supplemented by coast defences, and » naval reserve should be the most prominent subjects in the minds of our representatives at Washington. Nor should their legislative efforts be allowed to cease un- til our navy is placed on » footing commen-— surate with the importance of the nation, and equal to its auxiliary service—the army. While Samoa is unimportant in point of territory in so far as extent, imports, and ex— ports are concerned, still it may be pointed out that a strong naval and coaling supply station located at Pango-Pango would be of inestimable benefit to the United States in protecting trade and commercial pursuits in the whole South Pacific region, and for this reason alone the Pacific coast papers have been loud in their protestation of American rights, etc. The importance of an efficient navy is more directly a national question, and not a sectional one by any means; for future trouble may occur at other points, involving the commerce and prosperity of the entire union, and at the time that war was actually declared, it would then be too late to design, build, and equip a navy to protect our shores from an invader of our commerce by the depredations of an enemy. The performance of the rebel war ship Alabama,which inflicted such disastrous and far reaching injuries to our ocean commerce, ought to have induced congress to guard against such poesible out- rages in the future; instead of which we have gone calmly along trusting to the good will of all other maritime powers, blindly ignoring the fact that a navy. was required to assist in protecting the most important coast line of the world. . The brilliant career destined for the United States will never materialize until the nation’s twin safeguards, the army and navy, are made at least equivaleut to those of other lead ng contries. Thenand only then can weafford to dictate to opponents when involved in un-| pleasantness, and wipe out the implied taunt, | that Americans had vaunted their superiority over other maritime powers, when the facts were humiliatingly prominent that our rights and privi iges were in danger of being wrested from our grasp by the machinations, and di< plomatic treachery of a third rate European power. If the -nation’s money has been squandered on useless vessels, and implements of naval warfare in the past, all the greater reason now for wisdom to be displayed in ihe future, and as the new war vessels are said to be equal, if not superior to any vessels in the world, the experience has perhaps not been too dearly paid for, and having the vy ssels at command, congress should next consider the most available means of procuring a supply of trained men to handle them. Voting liberally the sinews of war in support of any practical method by which ten thousand men could be held in readiness to accept actual service when called upon either on a home ora for- eign station. HENNEPIN CANAL. The Hennepin Canal scheme is again placed hefore our legislators this time with a sugar coated appearance, as it actually is said to grant certain priviliges to the United States in the construction of a ship canal from the south branch of the Chicago river, to the Desplaines, Illinois, or Mississippi river. Kenosua, W1i8., February 4. Editor of Marine Record. I read with satisfaction and wise remarks in reference to the Cleveland docks. It is not fate but neglect on the part of voters. that places municipal affairs at the mercy of weak men. But the object of this communication is to in- vite your attention to the canal projected by the men of Chicago to have its course and flow from Lake Michigan to a connection with the Illinois river, As a coverthe name of the proposed work has with the last year “been changed to signify an outlet for drainage. It is nevertheless intended to be a waterway of sufficient width and depth for steamboat nay— igation and with a current of four miles an hour, it must necessarily reduce the average level of Lake Michigan. Its effect would be to reduce the depth of the water in the har- bors bordering upon Lake Michigan and_pro- bably those bordering upon Lake Erie. hat its effect upon the flow and depth of the water of the Detroit river is a question for studied consideration. ‘There are no water courses of any magnitude that have’ outlets with Lake Michigan. A year ago this winter I addressed a commnnication to the river and harbor com- mittee at Washington, upon this subject, and advised the presentation of the question to the officers of the Smithsonian Institute, ete., before taking final action, and I conclude they your just did so. I may stand isolated and alone in what relates to my views upon that question, but nevertheless if such is the fact, I should citizens | outlet for our superfluous products the meas- jure seemed for a while to be entertained, espe- Although the present difficulty has been the | cially when the argument was brought for- ward that large naval vessels would finda navigable waterway from the ocean to our in- land seas and vice versa, however, in the course of committee proceedings the fact be- came apparent thatthe chief desire of the petitioners was to have Congress vote an enor- mous sum of money expressly to secure bet- ter sanitary arrangements for the city of Chi- cago,and the interested supporters of the Hennepin canal scheme were discovered to be urging the matter forward with the ultimate intention of securing an immense open sewer to cleanse that mammoth city from its accumu- lated sewerage at the expense of the federal government. Now that the scheme has been shorn of its superficial and ornamental cover- ing, the city of Chicago has determined upon having a sewer built large enough to accom- modate vessels, and by utilizing the sewer in a dual capacity expect that a committee at Washington will vote favorably ona bill for appropriations in furtherance of their plans. The protests of the . citizens inhabiting the country through which the proposed open sewer is expected to run are now coming for- ward fast and furious, and they will probably succeed in having the whole mneasure quashed again. Otherwise it will bein order for capital interested in the lake marine to take a strong stand against any legislation favoring a possi- ble lowering of the lake level, and placing our present wharves, breakwaters, and harbors of refuge high and dry. Without entering into adiscussion on the subject of the volume of water required to keep a large canal running three or four miles per hour, we can plainly see that if lowering the lake level and reclaim- ing land was the object” required. Just such a measure asthe above wouid be considered the best means to be used in accomplishing this end. On these grounds alone we consider it advisable to protest in the interests uf lake commerce and navigation against any meas- ures, however supported, tending to the diminishing of. the. already shoal channels, rendering the navigation of our- larger bot- toms more perilous than necessity requires. Tf the city of Chicago must haye an absolute |rearrangement of its sanitary affairs then it ought to be brought about at the least possible expense to commerce and the general interests | of the lake region, while possibly a covered in sewer, with a large and powerful pumping apparatus, located at certain distances, might solye the problem in a manner more agreea- ble to all concerned. Bea Ree i et . Thereisa feeling of uncertainiy,in the lumher business because ot the open winter. The demand has been somewhat larger than usual, and had it been known that building conld be carrie] on as it has been the demand would have been grearly increased. The difficulty lies in the doubr 18 to the supply in the big jogging districis wes’. No snow means no logs, for if they ean be got to the streams there is no fresh-t to carry them to navigable waters, Some Michigan camps have already broken uo. A report trom the east states that there is an advance in pine limber of from 50 cents to $1 per 1,000, on account of the unfavorable weather, and this will be repeated if there is not snow enough to haul the logs. But thereis timeenough yet. Should the present snow stay any lengtn of time the logs cun be moved and there wil be no shortage in the supply > On the 31st of January the convention of the American Shipping and Industrial League elected Joseph Wheeler of Alabama presi- dent. Resolutions were adopted indorsing the bill allowing 30 cents per ton for United States built and owned vessels for each 1,000 miles sailed and favoring a system of coast defenges, a strong navy, harbor and river im- | provements, adequate pay for carrying the mails and a naval reserve.. Col. A. G, Dick- inson of New York spoke on the decadence of our merchant marine service. He declared ‘that of the immense quantity of grain shipped from New York not one bnshel is carried in American bottoms. The shipowner was so handicapped, he said, that it was impossible to sail to any advantage, vessels under the American flag. > Oro oe Ty orpER to know that things are right use the Dixon Graphite pencil No. 551, as it al- ways makes itsmark. Ourthanks are due to the Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N.J., for aparcel of assorted, American Graphite polygrade black lead pencils, We are pleased to note that this enterprising house has been established since 1827, and is now the most extensive work of the kind in the world, haviig been awarded 81 first premi- ums in different countries, and the only grand medal for progress in the manufacture of pencils at the Vienna exhibition in 1873, The firm also manufacture a graphite grease, for steam or gas pipe joints. Ihe Marine Recuril. Tue largest steam yacht now in construc tion at the H-rreshoff manufacturing com oxny’s dock, at New York, is the Angusts. Her keel was Jaid ir the new construction house a few days ago, but she will be ready for her owner, I. H. Eiwood, of Chicago, iv rhe early part of next Jone. She has been designed with a view to comfort more than for speed, but will plough the seas at the rate of fi'teen miles an hour. She will be 130 feet long, 10 feet deep, with 17} feet feam. She will have steel timbers ot angle see] and will be planked with sonthern hard pine. She is not only intended to be a speedy but also a comfortable craft, and has been designed so as to carry a large supply of coal, The Augusta is to be a rev- ular cruising yacht, and for this reason is to have unusually large cabin saccommoda- tions, The new steam yacht is to be schooner-rigged, and carry two head sails, a foretopmast stays rail and a jib. The other steam yacht now in construction at Herreshoff’s isa forty-eight foot cruising launch, ordered by T. H. Newberry, ot De- troit. She will be ready for launching in a few months, and is expected to make over nineteen miles an hour. Mr. Newberry has not named his new boat, Mr. John Herreshoff, the blind designer, says that this yacht will be the fastest boat of her Tength ever built. Tue Georgian Bay lumber trade bas held its own pretty well. It shows little or no falling oft. Last year the cut of lumber io the Georgian Bay district was inthe neigh- borhood of 175,000,000 feet. Perhaps the past year it is not quite somucb., ‘he de- pression in the United States markets in the upper grades of lumber, caused by the ac- cumulation of stocks there, has had the ef- tect of keeping a large part of the cut still unmoved. The lower grades were firm, but Canada exports little of this class of lumber. The vessels engaged in this trade last year did a pretty govd business. This season the trade has been a fairly profitable one for vessels. There has been, perbaps, uot the same number engaged in the traffic in 1888 as heretofore. In tormer years the Majority ot the vessels in the trade was of a low clas. the business have a better rating. rates paid on the lumber shipped were about equal to last year. The average rate; 12g Co., England, have contracted to build would be about $1.874 per 1,000 feet. They three paddle steamers of 1,500 tons each, to opened at $2, clused at $2.50, and the lowest rate paid, which wasin midsummer, was $1.75 per 1,000 teet to Tonawanda and Bay City. . Havine defeated her inveterate foe, the Alice Euright, the yacht City ot the Straits now looks for other victories. There is a strong probability ofa match race in the spring between the City and the White Wings, of Toronto, a yacht about the same siz2 as the Detroit flyer, and is considered very speedy. It is also highly probable that the Lulu B, of Detroit, and the jAlice Enright, of Toledo, will have a tussle. The Lulu made quite a showing last fall, when the City gave the Alice the terrible beating, and it was thovght that with Cap- ‘ain McLeod at the helm, the Lulu will show her heels to the Toledo yacht. |THE LIGHT HOUSE APPROPRIATIONS. An incident in the house of much impor- tance to the shipping interests of Chicago and Lake Michigan was introduced by Congress man Adams, of Chicago, who moved to in— crease the appropriation for repairs and com- pletion of light-houses from $300,000 to $400,- 000. He stated that tne increase was one-half for oil houses to be built at the various light- houses, and the other $50,000 was for the or- dinary current expenses. The oil-houses were needed on account of the change from lard oil to mineral oil, the latter being very dangerous and bulky, and it was not safe to keep it in the light house. The oil houses would be small brick structures, one-half sunk jn the ground and isolated from the light house, and costing about $1,500. The house had already authorized some to be built last year, and one was needed for every large light house. Mr. Randall made the point of order that it was a new structure not author- ized by existing law. Mr. Adams and Mr, Reed maintained that it was not a new struct- are within the meaning of the rule, but the point of order was sustained. Then Mr. Ad- ams withdrew his amendment and offered one increasing the amount from $300,00 to $350,- 000, leaving the oil houses out. This gave rise to another discussion as to the needs of the light house service. 2 Said Mr. Randall: “The Jake which the congressman from Illinois represents is the best lighted piece of water in the world.’? To which Mr. Adams replied that even if it was it ought to be because the amount of commerce on it was greater and the danger of shipwreck was greater, and then he pointed out how on the northern lakes they had put in several additional light houses, a thing itself very popular, but congress would not appropriate money enough to run them. It was finally agreed that the sum should be increased to $335,000, so that the persisting and convincing north side congressman secured $35,000 of the asked for $100,000. ; Ete These would seem to haye!goods. A large sum is being invested in the been weeded out latterly, and those now in, Vessel, which is to be called the “Kaiser Tue | Wilhelm.” league has coneluded its annual meet general discussion, in whieh Cenera RULES OF THE ROAD. Erte, Pa. February 3. To the Editor of the Marine Record. There is to me a seeming ambiguousness about the “rues of the road at sea,” applica— ble to the navigation of the waters of the é north and northwest lakes, and some time I a apprehend a case must arise that will tax the a ability of lawyers and judges in admiralty. We have under eection 4233 of the revised statues, rules applicable to the waters of the United States, and under the revis din erna- tional regulations, the rule of the road govern- ing vessels outside of the territorial waters of the United States. The first code is applica- ble to Lake Michigan as a whole, to Lakes Erie, Huron, Superior and Ontario in part: BP 3. And the same may be said of the rivers, as some disagreement exists between the two codes; in case of collision occuring, the posi- tion of the ships at the time would of neces- sity have to be considered. Article XIX is obligatory in United States waters, a d optional in waters outside of the jurisdiction of the United States. Judge Addison Br wn, in a letter addressed November 24th, 1886, to the commissiover of navigation, James Patton, Esq., said: “All agree that it is utterly impracticable to apply two conflicting rules of navigation toa single ocean voyage, such as on the lakes or up the rivers away from the sea-board.’’ No other maritime nation adopting the revised regula- tions bas made such an excepti n, and I opine it is time to umend the same. No burthen will be imposed by doing so, and much liti- gation may be prevented. FORE AND AFT, The steamer Cummings has been sold to Frankfort parties. She will run on Trav. ; ers Buy this sea-on. : The steamer St. Maries owned by En: dress & Webster of Sault ste. Marie, is Leing fek complereiy rebuilt at Manitowoc, Wis., by he Lurson the shipbuilder. A party of men crossed the straits on the ice from Bois Blane I-land to Cheboygan Monday afoot. This wakes the crossing five , weeks later than last year. ; A “monster vessel” is now being built in ty Hamburg for the purpose of making a tour of the world as a floating exhibition of German % * It is reported that the Fairfield Shipbuild- ply between Dover and Boulogne. The spe- cial featnres of the contract are that aspeed of twenty-six miles an hour is to be guaranteed, _ and that the vessels are to be delivered by _ the first of June. ‘ Neng é An Englishman says, freigh', especially ma. chinety, is handled carelessly on English me ships; he adds: I h ave recently seen a cargo _ of large cast-iron water pipes delivered, of — which 55 per cent were fractured, and on com- ~ plaint being made of bad stowage, the cap- tain and owners simply produced the bill, stating “no responsibility for castings.” A sea Captain on trial in San Franciseo f cruelty said it was highly necessary to go discipline to knock a sailor down with a be laying pin now and then. Severe measu! must necessarily be resorted to at time preserve order, but this nautical Bill Syk should remember that belaying pin The iny that the ocean steamer Oregon — been saved by his appartus. vente! ‘mighty: Tae American shipping and i er, John F. Henrick, Captain W W. W. Bates participated, and the can consular service and its bearin the merchant marine, took place durin day’s session, after which a public was held in G. A. R. hall. General V er presided. Representatives Th quhar, Monroe, Boutelle, and Spino t ex-eongressman Ellis, of Louisana, ¢ addresses. Subsidies or bounti ean built ships were advocated’ by all, and the French bounty schem pays an allowance of twenty ton for every thousand miles, | urged, as being the most feasible the revival of our merchant m appeal will be made by the board of trade throughout the this propositon, chamber : country Capt. James Davidson of sold the steamer he launched to George G, Hadley, George Capt. Charles Hubbard of $150,000. She is 315 feet in beam and 21 feet in dep ment is 2,106 tons, and it she will carry 100,000 bu engines are triple expansion, named the G. G@ Hadley. ¥ cra ve FOR 8A