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: Washington, N. D., Feb. 11, 1892.) th general maritime law, there is no lien on for marine insurance premiums due from her alty. Libel by the Sun Insurance Co. against , etc., to recover insurance premiums, don to the libel. Sustained. anford, District Judge. This is a suit * rem, to re- ‘the amount of a premium for marine insurance to the owner of the vessel libeled. The claimant filed exceptions to the libel on the ground that >is no lien to suppopt process / rem, and the court ithout jurisdiction. There is no statute giving a Jien for insurance premiums in this state, and whether Ss “such a lien exists under the general maritime law is a question upon which I find a conflict of authority. But a majority of the cases, and I think the weightier de- cisions, affirm that insurance for the personal benefit of an owner is not essential to render a vessel seaworthy, or an aid to navigation, and there can be no reason for giving credit to the vessel for such expense; therefore, the lien does not exist. Henry, Adm. p. 130; The John “T, Moore, 3 Woods, 61; The Jennie B. Gilkey, 19 Fed. Rep. 127; The Waubatshene, 22 Fed. Rep. 109; note to The Dolphin, 1 Flip, 580. I hold to this view, and will sustain the exceptions. SALVAGE—FIRE ON BULKHEAD—REASONABLE APPRE- HENSION OF DANGER—EXCESSIVE SECURITY 4, REQUIRED. be UW. S, District Court, Southern District of New York. Fire broke out in a building near a bulkhead, within - 40 or 50 feet of which lay the barkentine John Swan. ‘e Two tugs came up and were requested by the only per- - son on the ship to tow her into the stream, which was a done, and one of the tugs remained with her, as her an- x chor dragged. About the time the fire broke out, the ‘x fire boat arrived; the eyent proved that the fire was a carried away from the ship, and that there had been no DB absolute necessity for him having been hauled into the stream. Held, that at the time the service begun, there og was such reasonable apprehension of damage as made it proper to remove the ship; that the service, therefore, was a salvage service, though of small merit, and $125 was awarded to one tug and $75 to the other, costs being refused to any tug, because they had exacted security in the sum of $5,000. Brown, J. The claimants contend that the vessel was in no dan- ger, and that the service was of no value. The wit- nesses for the Peck affirm that smoke and sparks were flying about the vessel. The claimants contend that this is a gross misrepresentation; their testimony is, that at least from half an hour after the tugs arrived when their witnesses were on the scene, the wind was setting up river and on shore, so ‘as to carry any fire sparks away from the ship. The fire extended two blocks to the northward, and not at all to the southward. A line of loaded cars, which was on the wharf running parallel with the ship, ata distance of about 35 feet from her, was not removed during the fire, and the cars were not damaged. About the time the tugs were haul- ing the ship out of her berth, the city fire boat came up riyer, and, waiting below until the ship was hauled ont, then went into the slip and remained there several hours, playing upon the fire until it was subdued, her stern occupying a part of the berth in which the ship had been before. Whether the service is a salvage one or not, is not to be determined by what is ascertained or judged after the event. It is enough that at the time the service is rendered, the vessel is in a “‘situation of actual appre- hension, though not of actual danger;’’ The Raikes, 1 ; Hagg. 247; see The Alaska, 23 Fed. Rep. 597, 607 and 608, and cases there cited. At the time this service was ’ begun, I have no doubt that the removal of this vessel ‘ Was a proper and necessary act; not in the sense that there was a certainty of danger or loss, but such a rea- sonable apprehension of danger as made it prudent to remove her. That was requested by the watchman, the only person incharge. It could not then be known how fiercely the fire might rage, or how much it might spread along the bulkhead or the wharf. The fire boat, it is true, appeared on the spot before the ship got out into the stream, and it is now seen that it would have been quite sufficient had the ship been merely hauled out to the end of the wharf and made fast there. The presence of the fire boat inside the slip, and between : the bulkhead and the ship, would have been a complete i ‘ protection from danger, as the captain of the Quaker City stated. While these circumstances do not deprive the services of a salvage character, they make it one of small merit. It involved no difficulty or danger to the tugs; the service was short, except that the Peck lay by, as was proper when the anchor was dragging. The damage to the:Swan and the loss of ropes and some other particulars in the service testified to amounted to . Taking all these circumstances into account, I think $125 to the Peck and $75 to the Quaker City will be a sufficient award for the services rendered. But as the claimants were required by the Peck to give security in the grossly excessive amount of $5,000, Ido not award her costs. April 26, 1892. m1 ; APs times om a 1ARINE. RECORD. SERVE’S RIBBED STEEL BOILER TUBES. : An order for .7,500 of the Serve’s ribbed steel boiler tubes foralarge steamer has just been placed with Chas. W. Whitney, 81-83 Fulton street, New York, sole agents for the manufacturers of the ribbed tubes in the United States and Canada. In addition to this recent order, it is learned that the Pennsylvania railway and Grand Trunk railway, of Canada, after some close ex- perimental tests, have also placed orders for these ribbed tubes, and it seems but a question of time when the ribbed tube will supersede the plain one entirely. In this connection some comparative figures have been obtained from the manufacturers, showing the in- ternal heat-absorbing surface of plain and ribbed tubes, which appears to settle the question of economy or in- creased capacity by the use of ribbed tubes in prefer- ence to plain ones. Even among professional men, whose calling neces- sitates a greater or less knowledge of the principles of heat, it seems difficult to realize, in all its fullness, the dependence of the heat-transmitting capacity of boiler tubes upon their power to absorb heat. It goes without saying that it is not possible for a tube or anything else to transmit more heat than it absorbs, and it is because the plain tube has so much less heat-absorbing surface than the ribbed tube that the latter has so much more heat to distribute. The average increase of the heat- absorbing surface of ribbed over plain tubes is in the neighborhood of 90 per cent., but it does not follow that the whole of this difference will be realized in the gen- eration of steam. In fact, it is not, the experiments thus far having proved that the economy or increased steaming capacity averages all the way from 10 to 40 per cent., varying with the description of boiler and with the conditions under which the boiler is used. Compartive internal heat-absorbing surface in “‘square feet per foot of length,” of plain and ribbed steel tubes of thicknesses named (which are the lightest they can manufacture the ribbed) taking as basis for the ribbed the inside circumference and both sides of ribs. Also comparative areas in “square inches’’ for the passage of the gases after deducting section due to the ribs, and the approximate comparative weight per foot of length. Internal Heat-Absorbing Surface in| Areas in Square | Comparative weight inches for | per foot of length in square feet per foot of length. —|passage of gases. pounds. 5 = mI eo |} y |e] 28] 0] 2] a | 2 | Be By = = = Pole le lee) el eye le |e eB |F [AR | Be] FY BLP |B | Bs a ° ° Ph rh 2 x 13 | 0.47 2.556 Eon 2%x 12 | 0.60] 1.08} 80% | 4.094 | 3.576 | 2.77 | 4.55 | 64% 234x 11 | 0.66 | 1.28 | 94% | 5.039 | 4.290 | 3.40 | 5.69 | 67% 3 x 11 | 0.73/ 1.43 | 96% | 6.083 | 5.251 | 3.72 | 6.27 | 68% 34%x 11 | 0.79] 1.50 | 90% | 7.125 | 6.388 | 4.04 | 6.58 | 63% 3%x 11 | 0.85 | 1.65 | 94% | 8.357 | 7.546 | 4.37 | 7.16 | 63% 34x 10 | 0.92] 1.70] 85% | 9.687 | 8.739 | 5.16 | 7.93 | 54% 4 x 10 | 0.97} 1.85] 90% |10.992 |10.084 | 5.51] 8.54 | 55% According to practically applied engineering rules, the water surface of tubes gives out or distributes heat fully thirty times as quickly as the internal surface ab- sorbs it, under the usual conditions in boilers. ‘The bare statement of this fact will dispose of an ob- jection which has occurred to some not familiar with it, viz.: that the external surface of ribbed tubes is not ad- equate to distribute the increased heat absorbed by the addition of the ribs. EE ea SEPTEMBER TRAFFIC THROUGH ST. MARY’S FALLS CANAL. The September traffic through the St. Mary’s Falls canal shows a falling off from the previous month’s rec- ord of 111,428 tons. ‘This is attributable to the usual de- crease of the fall trade to and from Lake Superior. The itemized detail of freight as furnished from the office of Gen. O. M. Poe, is as follows: EASTBOUND, WESTBOUND, Coal... 363,673 tons. Flour 755,802 bbis. 120 bbls. Grain 16,660 bu. Corn. 425,476 bu. Wheat 3,993,318 bu. Building stone 6,702 tons. Copper. :....5.+. 8,628 tons. Manufactured iron. 12,802 tons, Iron ore... 812,153 tons. Iron, pig 9,525 tons. Salt.,.. 27,544 bbls. Lumber 96,080 M. ft. Silver o; 290 tons. Unclassified freight 15,743 tons. 46,277 tons. PAaSSCnG@eray sess ngs saan 1,497 1,472 ‘The total east-bound freight amounted to 1,233,403 net tons; westbound, 427,900 net tons ; total freight traffic, 1,661,398 net tons. The total number of passengers was 2,969, showing only 25 more eastbound than traveled west via. the canal. rr ce ‘The Secretary of the Treasury has appointed William H. Shields keeper, and Joseph A. Martin, first assistant keeper of the light station at Squaw Island, Mich. TREATMENT OF FROST BITES. AS RECOMMENDED BY THE SURGEON-GENERAL MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICE. 1. Do not bring the patient to the fire, nor parts in warm water. ; es 2. If snow be on the ground, or accessible, t woolen cloth in the hand, place a handful of snow it, and gently rub the frozen part until the natural c is restored. In case snow is not at hand, bathe the pa gently with a woolen cloth in the coldest fresh wi obtainable—ice-water if practicable. 3. In case the frost-bite is old, and the skin turned black or begun to scale off, do not attemp restore its vitality by friction, but apply carron oil on little cotton, after which wrap the part loosely flannel. : 4. In all cases, as soon as the vitality has been re stored, apply the carron oil, prepared according to ser- vice formula. As it contains opium, do not administer morphia or other opiate. 5, In the case of a person apparently dead from ex- posure to cold, friction should be applied to the body and the lower extremities, and artificial respiration practiced, as in cases of the apparently drowned. As soon as the circulation appears to be restored, adminis- ter spirit and water at intervals of 15 or 20 minutes un- til the flesh feels natural. Even if no signs of life ap- pear, friction should be kept up for a long period, as instances are on record of recovery after several hours of suspended animation. Carron oil—(Service formula): Olive-oil or linseed-oil (raw); lime-water, of each 12 parts; tincture of opium, — 1part. Mix. 4 rr OO + oO 4 PROPOSALS. U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE, 121 Franklin Street, Buffalo, N. Y., October 15, 1892. Sealed proposals for extension of breakwater and for building 1600 feet 2 of the shore arm at Buffalo, N. Y. will be received at this office until 2 p. m. November 15, 1892, and then publicly opened. Specifications, blank forms and all available information will be furnished on application to this office Major EB. H. Rurrner, Corps of Engi- neers. 13-3 U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE, 121 Franklin street, Buffalo, N. Y., Oct. 15th, 1892. Sealed proposals for hire of dredge, drill boat, tug, derrick scow and for excavation of material in the Niaga- ra River, N. Y.,will be received at this of- fice until 2 p. m., November 15th, 1892, and then publicly opened. Specifica- tions, blank forms and all available in- formation will be furnished on applica- tion to this office. Major E. H. Rurr- NER, Corps of Engineers. 13-3. U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE, HICKOX Building, 185 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, O., September 30, 1892. Sealed proposals for extension of breakwater at Cleve- land Harbor, Ohio, will be received at this office until 20’clock, p. M., of Thurs- day, October 20th, 1892, and then pub- licly opened. Specifications, blank forms and all available information will be furnished on application to this office. JarED A. SmirH, Lieut. Col., Corps of : Engineers, U.S. A. 13-20 U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE, HICKOX Building, 185 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, O., September 30, 1892. Sealed proposals for removal and rebuilding of piers at Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio, will be receiyed at this office until 2 o’clock, Pp. M., of Thursday, October 20, 1892, and then Q publicly opened. Specifications, blank forms and all available information will be furnished on application to this office. JarED A. Smiru, Lieut. Col., Corps of Engineers, U.S. A. 13-20 U. S. ENGINEER OFFICE, HICKOX Building, 185 Ruclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, September 20, 1892, Sealed propos- als for dredging in straight channel, through Maumee Bay, for Toledo, Har- bor, Ohio, will be received at this office until 2 o’clock, p. m., of Saturday, Octo- ber, 15, 1892, and then publicly opened. Specifications, blank forms and all avail- able information will be furnished on ap- : plication to this office. JarEp A, SMITH, a Lieut. Col., Corps of Engineers, U. S. ae A. 3t. JEFFERSONVILLE, IND., OCTO- = ber 1, 1892. Sealed proposals, in tripli- @ cate, will be received here until 11 o’clock a.m., (central standard time) Tuesday, the Ist day of November, 1892, for fur- nishing at the Q. M. Depot here 100,000 gallons of Mineral Oil, of 135° flash test, in cases of two five-gallon cans each, Government reserves right to re- ject any or all proposals, and to accept the whole quantity or any portion of the mineral oil bid for, All information furnished on application here. Envel- opes containing proposals should be marked ‘Proposals for Mineral Oil,” and addressed to Cor. Henry C. Hopcxs, Assistant Quartermaster General, U. S. Army, Depot Quartermaster. 5 re ny ee ee erase si iS al i Oe are ee Tu aE