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& . e Kugineening. HOTCHKISS MECHANICAL BOILER . CLEANER. As shown in the descriptive cut No. 1, the Hotchkies Mechanical Boiler Cleaner is composed ot five principal parts, namely: The reservoir, the funnel, the up-blow pipe. ™M ; fog}: the return pipe and the blow oft pipe, all connected, but each having itsseparate office in performing the work of one complete automatic machine. The manner in which the cleaner acts in removing sediment from, and preventing scale formation in steam boilers, is as fol- lows: As soon as the water in a steam boiler be- | comes heated currents are established ; these the funnel is set near the surface but partly submerged, and in such position that its opening will intercept the currents of hot, water flowing towards it, By the action of gravity in water of varying temperatures, aided by the pressure on the surface, the hot surface water that enters the funnel will flow into the reservoir through the up- flow pipe, displacing constantly an equal quantity of the cooler water therein, which, flowing back to the boiler by the return pipe, reach- es a lower and cooler strata of water than that entering Hthe funnel; thus a steady and constant circulation of water through the cleaner is maintained eo long as firing is kept up. ‘This circulation is continuous and automatic, and by its certain and natural action, all the water in the boiler passes successively through the reservoir, where from being kept still and freB the agitating currents in the boiler, the most fa- vorable conditions are in- sured for the precipitation . and deposit of sediments. ~ The sediments, once. de- posited in the reservoir, are removed through the blow-off pipe as often a8 necessary. | 1t is not claimed for the cleaner that it will remove ‘ seale bodily from boilers Y when the -cale is alrea'ly formed, but it is claimed O for it, and it is guaran- y ~~ teed, that it will prevent the formation of new scale, by removing all the floating deposits and min- eral salts) which — be- come scale, if not removed from the water before they have had time t adhere to the heating surfaces. By preventing the formation of new scale, the old by expansion and contraction ot the heating surfaces, soon becomes loose and readily detached, Figure 2 repregents the cleaner attached to the boiler. Figure 3 shows the cleaner ‘as applied to a two-flue boiler. As these boilers are yener- ie | | AU AT A H SETA A i il A A i A i : mT : ae : mh : = ——«€ t UN | | | Fig. Mh LTT Im HTH I H A cc coc EE ET TT A HO I ni AU WM A el TA ‘i Ht ut on IM A HT il ee i A cc a NM I SE sO 2 currents are formed by the hotter, and {ally used where the water is very muddy or therefore lighter, water flowing upward and | strongly impregnated with lime in solution, while the colder, more dense, water flows to the source of heat to replace thé«other, and in its turn become heated. In all boilers where fire-is applied at one end, the cur- rents established will be upward and from the fire on the surface, and downward and towards the fire in the lower part of the boiler. In a boiler with the cleaner attached,| way i. could a away from the source of the greatest heat,|the cleaner will be found of very a great benefit in such cases. oes Fig 4 represents the cleaner attached to a plain cylinder boiler. ‘| fore. large . waste of fuel which occurs in blowing off to prevent saturation, A Ma- rine boiler, without surface condenser, but fitted with the Cleaner can dispense entirely with fresh water and use sea water with pertect security. Sea water with the salt, lime and mag- nesia removed from it, or prevented from becoming scale, is one of the best natural waters for builer purposes. Nifmerous testimonials have been sent to Mr. Hotchkiss from parties using them on every conceivable kind of steam boilers. We append a couple of these below and algo the names of x few of the firms and steamers that have them in use and who recom- mend them highly: COMPANY, Derroir, Sept. 2I, 1877, Mr. James F. Hotchkiss: We have had two of your boiler cleaners E in use for six months on the new steamer City of Detroit, and findthem to accom- seams, and in fire box boilers, around the furnace sheets and in the water legs. Its presence Is detected by leakage at the seams fractures at the edge of the plates, and in the line of rivets, and by over heating, and consequent depressions of portions of the plates where it rests, “This action may be better understood by those who have watched the process of making what is known as ‘hasty pudding.’ Asthecorn meal and water begin to boil, the difficulty which the steam or vapor, generated at the botton has in escaping, in manitested by the sputtering manner in which the surface of the mush is thrown about. If vigorous stirring is not kept up, it burns on the bottom, and acts very much as the slush or sludge from lime does in steam Fig. 4 plish all you claim in removing the sediments from the water, thereby preventing the formation of scale and foaming of the water. JAMES CROCKET, engineer. Derroir, Mich., March 16, 1877. James F. Hotchkiss, - Dear Sir: Enclosed we hand you check for boiler cleaner with which we are very. well pleased, and are now satisfied that if we had had it fourteen months ago it would have saved $200 expense which we have been to in repniring boiler which was putin new two years ago. My engineer claims it is saving from ten to fifteen per cent in fuel. We ran the boiler very hard for five weeks without blowing it off. When we examined it we found about five quartsof scale that had come off from the tubes, and the boiler was cleaner than we have ever feund it be- Very respectfully yours, _ JOHN PHILLIPS & Bro. The following parties trom De- troit have them'in use Hiram Walker, steamers W.R. Bui nd ‘ L.G. Mason; tugs Vulean and Carkin; steamer Alf Stevens, St, Louis, Mo. The following craft at Chicago are using the cleaner. Steamers Corrunna and Me- nominee; tugs McClellan, F. R. Crane and A. S. Allen; dredge No. 11. The following parties are usingit in Cleveland: Union Rolling Mill Co., Lamson, Ses- sions & Co., and the Standard Oil Co. Staffurd’s Oakuim Factory, of Jersey City, also have this cleaner in use. ACTION OF SEDIMENTS IN STEAM _-BOILERS. Extract from Annual Report of J. M. Allen, President Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Ins. Co., for 1873: “It has generally been sug posed that a deposit. in a soft state caused little or no in- jury to a boiler, but our experience has proved conclusively that the contrary is true. Theimpalpable powder found in a boiler, when empty and dry, is mainly carb- onate of lime, and on account of its lightness itis long held in suspension. When the water, from constant evaporation and little or no blowing, becomes saturated with this material, it is rendered unfit for generating steam on account of the resistance offered to the escape of the steam bubbles, and to the | same Company Fi 73 oilers, “This difficulty is greatly aggravated if grease finds its way into the boilers; the grease appears to combine mechanically with the carbonate of lim®, and sinks on the plates when the boilers are at rest. It be- comes a loose, spongy mass, which is not carried off by the circulation, but, by its contract with the plates, keeps the water from them, and, by offering resistance to the free transmission of heat, causes over- heating and burning of plates. Betore we had fully investigated this subject, our opin- ion was in many instances, where boilers were leaking badly and showed indications of having been burned, that it was caused by the carelessness of the engineer in start- ing his fire, with no water in the boiler.” | ‘The succeeding Annual Reports of the rom year to year, shows, that nearly half of the whole number of Pig Fig. 5 defective boilers became so on account of incrustation and deposit of sediment, and, strange as it may seem, therefare from 30 to 40 per cent. more dangerous cases arising trom the deposit of sediment than from in- crustation and scale. The Committee of the Franklin Institute say regarding scale and deposit of sediment. “That the undue heating of parts of a boil- er may be produced by deposits. No cause of undue heating is better made out than this. ‘The least that can happen after the accumulation of sediment is the injury of the boiler—perhaps its bursting, and a true explosion may result.’’ The Hotchkiss Boiler Cleaner gives protection against this evil. The steamer building by Mr. Hoenig, at Figure 5 combines both figure 2 and fig- free convection of heat. A deposit of slush | Marine City, Mich., is to have a Providence ure 3. Figure 2 shows the reservoir placed on side wall, if for any cause such as steam drum or manhole being in the not be applied in the ordinary maner. Fig- ure 3 shows connect- ion of the return pipe to a mud drum when, or sludge collects on the bottom, around the capstan windlass with all improvements. SECTION AT at: ow ore If for any reason such Figure 6 represents = the cleaner as appfied to an ordinary return Fig. 8 flue marine boiler, One of the advant- ages claimed for the cleaner in its applica- tion to marine boilers using salt water ja, that it prevents the saturation of the boil- er water with salt, as the reservoir will eatch and retain the salt, thus saving the Fig. 5