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~t Kugineering. ANNEALED AND IRON. M1. R. ‘Thurston, in the Cambridge Science, anew journal, shows the peculiarity dis- tinguishing annealed from unannealed iron, The writer has had occasion recently to study tue effect of prolonged stress upon the various metals in common’ use in the arts, and, among others, upon the finer qualities of iron. ‘The well-known experiment of Vi- cat, made a half century ago, has never, so fur as the writer was aware, been repeated. ‘The extreme importance of the results ob- tiined by him had apparently not been re- alized by either physicists or engineers; and it seemed advisable that the experiment be repeated, and should the results obtained by Vicat be again reached, that the atten- tion of both scientific and practieal men should be again called to the subject. ‘The repetition of Vicat’s experiment hes not only confirmed his couclusion, but has led to the discovery of a new and important as well as peculiarly interesting, difference in the ef- tect of prolonged stress upon annealed aud unannealed iron. in the autumn of the year 1881, the writer procured two lots of the best Swedish iron wire from Mr. William Hewitt, the vice- president of the ‘lrenton Iron and Steel Works, who very kindly had the wire drawn for the purposé. This wire was divided ‘in- to two parts, one being carefully annealed, the other being left hard-drawn as it came from the blocks. ‘These were tested In the usual way, and it was found that the hard wire had about double the strength of the soft. Nine pieces Were taken trom each reel for test, under prolonged static stress, and were suspended from hooks in the study of the writer, attached to springs, in order that the effect of jar should not enter into the experiment, ‘hey were then loaded with, respectively, in each set, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, per cent. of the average ultimate etrength as already determined. This was done in November, 1881. Since that date a number have broken, as follows: EFFECT OF PROLONGED SERESS—SWEDISH IRON WIRE, UNANNEALED TIME UNDRR STRESS. Per cent max, sutic load, Hard wire, unannealed |soft, annealed. 95 80 days. 8 minutes, 90 35 days. 5 minutes. 85. 17 months, unbroken,| 1 day. 80. 91 days. 266 days. 75 Unknown. 17. —« 70 “ «“ 65 “ 455 60 £ ee Unbroken. B5 “ “ Thus, wire loaded with but 65 per cent. of the breaking-load, as usually determined, broke after being subjected to stress for a period of fifteen months, when annealed; while hard wire carrying 85 per cent. of the maximum temporary lond remains unbro- ken after seventeen months. It is seen that these results are the same in kind as those obtained by Vicat, and confirm the conclu- sion that heavily loaded iron, as well as oth- er metals and the woods, are likely to yield ultimately under loads that are sustained for short periods of time without apparent injury. ‘This fact has been amply proven by earlier investigators, as well ‘as by the writer, but the difference above observed, between hard and soft iron, has, so far as the writer has been able to learn, never, un- til now, been discovered. Although the experiments of which this is the first are not yet concluded, this discov- ery, if such it prove, has seemed to be of suf- ficient imrortance to justify this note, STEAMER PILGRIM. The Nautical Gazette, New York, gives a picture of the elegant new steamer Pilgrim, The accompanying description has these headlines: The Pilgrim—Flagship of the Fall River Line—The Lron Monarch ot Long Island Sound—Full Description of the Larg est and Most Superb Steamboat in the World —Fireproof, Unsinkable, Secure Amid all ’ Perils—Fairyland afloat, Flooded by Elec- tric Lights—A Nautical World of Beauty— The Naval Masterpiece of the Century— Deckroom by the Acre, Uarpet by the Mile, etc.— A Gorgeous Contribution of Grandeur, Strength, Symmetry and Grace. The steam- er’s length on deck is 300 feet; beam, over guards, 88 feet; tonnage, about 3,500 registered tons, She is the largest inland steamer in the world, As an element of safety we notice that her decks are supplied with Calkin’s Life Rafts ready foruse. Her kitchen haga range with three turnaces, three ovene, and 1s furnished with three independent boilers, the handi- work of H. C,.and J, H. Calkin, of New York. This order filled by this firm is a compliment to a prosperous and growing business house. __ OOo A Lansington firm has almost completed aper steamboat for a Pittsourgh company. The length is twenty feet, with a seating capacity of three tons. ‘The sheating isa solid body of paper three-eights of an inch thick. A bullet from a revolver fired at the sheathing four feet distant neither penetrated it nor caused an abrasion, SIGNAL LAMPS. Marine signals were used among the early Greeks and Persians, and were made by means of the sails. Gleaming fires were used for night signals, A Venetian invent- ed a system of colored flags about the same time. He also established that a fire on the poop shall signify “Set mainsail ;” two fires, “both the square sails;” three fires, “all plain sail;”? four fires, “lay in the oars and mike all sail.” ‘The international system now used by many nations is unadopted by the United States. In 1864 Congress enact- ed that all vessels carrying steam sbould at night display a white light #t the foremast head, a red light on the port side and a green light on the starboard side. Previous to this there was no rule regarding vessel’s lights. The shade ot the colored light is not yet reg- ulated. It is also well understood that the sience of blending colors is an intricate one and to produce the best colored light sci- ence must be brought into requisition. The enterprising firm of Felthousen & Russell, of Buffalo, have given special attention to this matter and have, as a result, produced a-set of perfect #inal lamps. ‘The lamps are three in number, with red, green and white lights, and are handsomely finished. |The tluting in the glass rns vertically, as will be seen by the following cut. Each flute shows a separate light when close by, but ata distance they blend incneand show a ball of light. It «may seem strange to those who have not stud- ied the science of colors that a green light is pro- duced by the yellow light shining through the deep blue glass or lens, but such is the fact. All the discoveriesof modern science bearing on the subject having been tak- en into consideration, is it any wonder that the New Fluted Lens Signal Lamps have secured a world-wide reputation? We are informed by Upson, Walton & Co., who, have them on sale in Cleveland, and by others that the demand for them has been very great, and all who use them speak in their praise. ‘Chey are made of the best material and finished in the most substantial manner possible. Probably no higher eompliment could be given to Messrs. Felthousen & Russell’s lamps than the fact that the lamps have been ordered for the wonderful yacht of Jay Gould, the Atalanta. This order was se- cured through their agents, Messrs. Dar- rah & Elwell, of Philadelphia. Eastern houses of older standing offered to furnish lamps at lower figures, but the millionaire must have the best, so the order came to Buffalo. Felthousen & Russell have agen- cies inthe principal marine cities. If in getting you would get the best for sail ves- sel, yacht, or steamer, secure the New Fluted Lens Signal Lamp. ‘They can be seen more distinctly and further, it is claimed, than any other lamp. In certain localities some peculiar lights have been seen 40 or 50 miles. From High Point on the Catskills rockets were distinctly seen 100 miles away when shot off at the Brooklyn bridge open- ing. Through the dry atmosphere of Color- ado pit ay can be seen 150 miles distant. Now the clear, distinct light of these lamps penetrates the fog and darkness farther than o.dinary lamps, and so their value is en- hanced. Mariners at most have dangers enough, and often these may be warded off b.. a perfect set of signal lamps. ‘The Com- mercial, of Bnffalo, and the Express, of the sume city, as also the Nautical Gazette, of New York, have recently had articles on this subject and speak in most Nattering terms of these lamps and of the superiority of the work done by this firm. A simple telegraphic instrument is shown in Mr. Edson’s exhibit at the Paris Electrical Exposition. According to Engineering it is an autographic telegraph, invented by Mr. P. Kenny, but subsequently improved and developed by Mr. Edison, in which the message to be transmitted is written with a hard pencil on soft paper. ‘This paper, with the almost microscopic depression produced on it by the pencil, is placed around a transmission drum, which is set in motion, the paper being in contract with an ex- tremely fine pointer in electrical communica- tion with the pointer of the receiving in- strument at the other end of the line. ‘This latter instrument bas a drum on which chemically prepared paper is placed and the second pointer, receiving its movements from the first, reproduces a fac-simile of the written message. The instrument is one of extreme beauty and simplicity. Such a novelty naturally attracts much attention, and the experimental messages written by visitors are very numerous. Lieutenant Newcomb has been anthorized by the department to build twelve Whitehall boats for the use of the Life Saving Service. They are each to be sixteen feet long, four feet beam, and not to exceed two hundred pounds each in weight. ‘They will be dis- tributed to the different stations along the lake, and are intended for use in cases of emergency, when there would not be time to launch the large life boat. A brass trip gong for alarming the crews has also been ordered placed in all the stations.— Chicago Times, YACHTING. THE SEASON NOW OPENING, The Forést aud Stream: ‘The progress made within the last few years in American yacht building ~romises to be exemplified with great force in the racing and cruising of the present season, ‘lhe rapidity with which cherished prejudices of the past have been supplanted by modern ideas is most flattering to the intelligence of American yachtmen, As the recognized exponent of the sport in this country, we feel bound to congratulate the community upon the readi- ness with which old-time vagaries and rubbish concerning yacht modeling have been laid aside and the lessons of recent developement taken to heart in good earnest. The revolution from light dratt, flat bottom, shoal hold and excessive sail plans has not been accomplished without much hard work, but still in far less: time than the most sanguine could expect. Itis the ‘pride of Forest and Stream to know that its part has been most prominent in the move for reform, and that owing to its unflinching labors in behalf of safe, rational yachts in opposition to traps and over-spared machines the pre- sent preferences of the public are due in no small measure. ‘I'he idea that speed in- volved light displacement and reckless over- sparring bas given way to more creditable views. ‘The change has certainly been most remarkable, and this season, so auspiviously opened with disaster to a representative of the old order of things, will no doubt see the final collapse of that remnant still adhering to completely disproved dogmas. ‘The issue is a simple one. Shall we build unsafe yachts whose speed rests mainly in sparring without regard to -a vessel’s capacity to carry the rig, or shall we turn the Jessons-of recent years to account and demand from modelers something worthler of our admira- tion in the way of vessel’s speedy, safe and with grand accommodations? ‘The answer from the public is. not difficult to divine. Helped along by the serious disasters in the past and by ‘the fine sailing displayed by yachts of safe depth and displacement, it is not difficult to prophesy the outcome of the future. Already Boston and the East have approximated the ultimate result in nearly all reepects. ‘The old and new schools differ in the following: The former cherishes flat floor, shallow hold, beem, centerboard, Nght weight and large sail area in mainsail, and a single jib, or jib to bowspris end iu the case of schoon- ers. Speed is sought at a sacrifice of any- thing or everything else. The new schoul seeks to modify old teach- ings, to accept depth, large displacement, keels with low weight, less beam anda subdivision of head sail, Speed is not re- linquished, but safety and fitness for cruising purposes are not on that account completely neglected. The new steam yacht club organjzed under the auspices of Jay Gould, » C. Scott, W. E. Conner, Jesse R. Gran#™Wm. B. Dowd, W. P. Clyde, Alfred de Cordova, J. B. Houston, Frank R. Lawrence and others has been given the title “American Yacht Club.’ Initiation fee has been fixed at $100. Objects of the club are to further steam interests, and to institute a club house as an exchange among owners of steam yachts. Local critics at Kingston pronounce the yacht Midnight the best tonner on fresh water. Albert Hall of Chicago hasa fine keel yacht ready for launching, She was built at East Boston by Luke Hall. She is to be named Percy H. After a season on the coast the owner will bring the yacht around through the lakes. June 16 is the time fixed for the squadron cruise of the Cleveland Yachting Associa- tion. And July 4 for the'annual matches, Annual matches of the Chicago yacht club June 30 and squadron cruise July first. They talk of the decay of American ship building but an American house recently built a canoe for cruising on the Nile and the same house 1s likely to send canoes to Australian waters, Work cn the new twelve-tonner Iolanthe. at Cuthbert’s yard, Belleville, Ont., goes briskely on, and the prospect is that she will be finished withina week. ‘The Surprise, of ‘Trenton, a well known fast twelve-tunner,, built in 1875 by Cuthbert, is being rebuil' by her builder. The conversion of Mr. Pike’s fine keel sloop Sylvia into a cutter with standing bowsprit will be accomplished within two weeks. Mr. R. M. Roy’s fast twelve-tonner Gracie having been supplied with a new spar, and having had her main- sail re-cut, is sailing faster than ever. Ex- Commodore R. J. Bell’s fitty-five ton sloop Norah will shortly go on the ways in order that her bottom may be scraped. Ex-Com- modore Pitcathly will give his staunch twenty-five ton sloop Dauntless new decks, will have her bottom smoothed up, and will probably enter her in races to be sailed on home waters this season. Commodore Clark has given a piece of plate to be sailed for. ‘The race will be open to all club yachts, and will take place on the 13 of July. It will be only a semi-year or two hence when we shall have regular Corinthian racing. with conse- quent great improvament in the skill of our amateur tars, Mr. Offord’s “of Kingston” new twelve tonner proved to be a keel craft of 9 teet 6 inches beam. ‘loo much for speed enough to beat the centerboarders in our land-locked waters.—Port Tack. ROD AND CANOE. It is only of late years that it has been known that salmon io the Columbia or its tributaries would take a bait or fly, many insisting that from the time they” entered fresh water they ate nothing, ‘and some of them averring that none of them ever re- turned to the sea, but having completed the object of their visit to the spawning bed they died. It has, however, been demonstrated to a certainty that the salmon in the Willa- mette will tuke a spoon-fly, and on Saturday and Sunday tine sport was had at the falls at Oregon City. On each of the days named about twenty five Sulmon were taken. Sev- eral persons took eight, varying in weight from. three or four pounds up to even twenty. A number of tishermen bad their rods broken, A Scotch gentleman, whose trusty lancewoud rod had dene han. good service in many a highland stream and loch, had it shivered by a big silver-sides he had wade fast to. An Indian caught thirty with a dip-neron Sunday in the swirling water at the foot of the falls.—Oregonian. Robert G. Lincoln has arrived in Chicago from Pelee Island, Lake Erie, where he has been rusticating and fishing:tor two weeks. He Is a good angler, W. B. Ransom, of St. Joe, Mich., says whitefish do take the bated hook. We vateh them every spring and fall. ‘They are gea- erally caught with small minnows. THE AMERICAN CANOE ASSOCIATION, The second yearly record of the American Canoe Association has just been ixsned by Dr. Neide, the secretary. Theactive mem- bers now number 215, beside which 27 new members have been proposed. ‘There are also eight lady and tour honorary members, The nuinber of canoes enrolled’ is seventy- four. ‘The offivers for the current year are: Commodore—E. B. Edwards, Peterburo, Canada. Vice Commodore—-G, B. Ellard, Cinecin- nati, Ohio.’ i Rear Commodore—G. B. Vaux, 27 Rose street, New York. Secretary and ‘Treasurer—Dr. C. A. Neide, Schuylerville, N. Y. Regatta Committee—William Whitlock, New York; Robert ‘l'yson, Toronto; H. 'T, Strickland, Peterboro. . In addition to an interesting sketch of the organization, and previous regattas of the association, the following programme of the coming meet is given: The camp of the A.C. A. for 1883 will be held at Stony Lake, in the county ot Peter=- boro, Province ot Outario, Canada. It will be ‘ontinued two weeks, trom the 10 to the 12 of Angust, the regatta taking place on ‘Tuesday, Wediesday, and Thursday of the second week, ‘There is railway communica. tion (Midland Railway) to Laketield via Peterboro from Port Hope or Belleville, which points may be reached from East or West by Grand 'frunk Railway. , Port Hope may also'be reached ty steamer Norseman from Rochester, or Richelien Navigation Companys steamer (Royrl Mail Line) from Canadian ports, East or West. Krom Lake- field ‘paddle twelve miles through Katche- wanooka and Clear Lakes to camp at Stony Lake. A small steamer, the Fairy, plies on this route. From Lindsay (-ls0 on Mid- land Railway) the canovist May cruise to Stony Lake. Leaving the lake he may cruise down the Otonabee River, Rice Lake, and the Trent River to the Bay of Quinte, and thence to the Thousand Islands, Provisi- ons may be obtained at Peterboro or Luke- field. Arrangements will be made. to have all supplies required foreward to the camp. Milk, butter, potatoes, eggs, etc., nay be obtained from setlers in the vicinity, Fish are abundant in the lake. Maskalonge are caught by trolling. Spoon and other trolling baits of all kinds are used. Black base may be caught by trolling or still-fishing; in the latter case frogs, crawfish, Zrasshoppers, or fat pork being used, and occasionally arti- ficial flies. Camp—10 to 24 of August, 1883, CANOEING IN CHICAGO. The prospects tor this season are not very bright, owing to lack of organization, and also to the difficul.y of finding a suitable site fora house. Certainly vanoeing should be popular in so large a city with plenty of water, and that much better adapted to en- noeing than to shell rowing. An effort on the part of those interested to make the sport better known and to effect. an organ- ization, is now on foot, and it is to be hoped will result successfully. ‘That difficulties as to Jovation are of little account is shown by the array of sailormen sect by CF vei the meet every year, i Ontario, io teeiy practice ground being a pond of some three or four acre3, With all lake Michigan at their doors Chi- cago onght to be well represented at the re- gattas. A SURE CURE FOR PILES AND SKIN DISEASEs., A person who suflered horribly from skin diseases, hearing of a noted physician in Germany who Invariably cured’ these dis- eares, crossed the ooean for treatment. He found subsequently that. the salve used to perform the cure wns the same article that is sold in this country under the name of Swayne’s Olntmenr. Hix unger. when he discovered his great biunder, can ensily be imagined.—Times and Gazette,