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5 THE MARINE RECORD. AN AGE OF CANALS. This is an age of canals as well aa rail- roads. In this country phenomenal activity in railway building tor atime tured public attention away from oanals and their im- portance, but in the old world there has been as much agitation in the matter of ca: nal improvement as in the matter of rail- way extension, and not for «© moment has the importance of water communication been lost sight of. ‘Thesame is true of Can: ada, where both government and peop e keep constantly in mind schemes for the control of the Northwestern grain trade. It js only in the United States that there is in- difference or hostility to the improvement of water lines of transportation, and in most cases this purely a matter of local jealousy or selfish {nterest. When the Hennepin Canal project was pushed to the frent two or three years ago St. Louis and the Southwest oppose: it on the theory that a canal connecting Lake Michigan and the. Mississippi river, would turn the grain trade eastward, to the great advantage of New York and Chicago. At the same time New York and the Eastern ‘States opposed the construction of the canal on the theory that it would turn the grain trade southward through the Mississippi, to the advantage of St. Louis and New Orieans. On no better theories than these opposition was kept up East and West, and the people were blinded to the real importance of the work. Within the last two years there has been, East, South, and West, a noticeable change in public sentiment on this question. —Ili- nois has voted to transfer the [linois and “Michigan canal to.the United States in the interest of the new canal, and the people of -New York have voted to make the Erie ca- nal free. Both of these are steps in making a free water channel from the Mississippi to the Atlantic. - og That the. people of Iowa are as strongly in favor of the canal as they were years ago is shown by the attitude of public men in that State. At the conference meeting at the Grand Pacific, lowa has taken the initiative. As Iowa is in the Jead, Mlinois and Chicago must be content to follow, but they cannot allow Iowa to do all the work or claim all the credit. The object of. the meeting was to discuss matters pertaining to organization for the new campaign. ‘I'he survey of the canal was made too late for the report to be pre- sented at the last session of Congress, but the report of the Secretary of War on the ‘survey will probably be made early in the coming session. ‘Then will be the oppor- tunity of the friends of the canal, and they should be prepared to take advantage of it. ‘The question now is whether the Henne- pin canal sball be constructed or not, and it is not a question of what route shall be se lected. On the main questior all the friends ot the canal should pull together, leaving secondary points tobe settled when the main point has been gained.. On the main question therc is now open friendliness in the South and West, and certainly less hos- tility in the East than there was last year. The public and business men of Iowa are taking more interest in the project than are the business men of Chicago, if we are to judge by the initiative steps in the new cam- paign. The battle is to be fought in the coming session of congress, and so much depends on the question being treated as a national one that the matter of combinations and alli- ances must be considered at the earliest pos- sible moment. All sections of the country are interested in the construction of a canal trom the great lakes to the Mississippi, and while Canada is formulating a national poli- cy on the subject of water transportation, it is high time that lecal prejudices in this country be subordinated to the interests of the country at large. While European gov- er ments and capitalists are spending hun- dreds of millions of dollars at Panama and Suez and on the Congoin Africa to forward the interests of Kurepean trade, there is no good reason why the United States Govern- ment should not spend five or six millions to advance the interests oi American com- merce. While Canada is making every ef- fort to steal the trade of the Northwest the United States will be excused for making some effort to retain it.—Jnter- Ocean. Bregman, the Cleveland diver, tells the following story: ‘‘Once 1 went up to ‘I'win Lakes to dive for the body of a man who had gone in swimming with two companions. I found an immense concourse of people on the shore. The grief stricken mother had erected a stand, and was doing an immense business in sandwiches and circus lemonade. A collection of $400 for her and her son’s children had been taken up, and part ot it had been set apart to pay me and foot the burial expenses. I searched several hours, but found no body. Months afterwards I met aman from that region, and he said: ‘Say, mister, do you know why you couldn’t find that body. I gave it up. ‘Why, the fellow was up in the pineries of Michigan. When he sank he swam to the other shore, where he had another suit of clothes hid. He wanted to get away from his wife, and that’s the way he did it.’ ” es ay ance The Times says the harbor had a lively ap- pearance Monday morning as 4 large barley fleet and several lumber craft were ir. { COLOR BLINDNESS, Much excitment was created three or four years ago by investigations into the subject of color blindness. 1t was found to be much more prevalent than was geneially supposed. This in itself would only have attracted pas: sing notive and the matter would have troubled the public no longer than any 1e- pert upon some physical defect which specialists Claim is the result of our civiliza- Uon, But attention was arrested by the statement that color blindness was found to prevail largely among railway men, pilots and sailors, ‘This most unpleasant discovery created considerable alarm, Au element of danger, not hitherto suspected, was added to the known perils for the travelling public. The discovery was, however, a most tortuna’e one. It revealed a danger, it is true, but it also found out that it was one which should not exist and which under stringent regula- tions could be absolutely prevented. ‘The railway Companies set about this task imme- diately and as far as we know every care is taken by them to exclude from their employ men who are afflicted with color blindness. ‘The steamboat men next took the matter in hand, but not with that thoroughness which will insure absolute protection to the public against dangers arising trom this cause. And as far as concerns the work of excluding en- tirely from positions on shipboard men afflicted with color blindness is an element of danger which will be found largely in our merchant service, It is possible - that when sailors are engaged they are questioned in regard to their ability to distinguish the port trom the starboard light, but it is not at all probable. They are taken without much discrimination iu regard to their phys- ical condition. Dr, Jeffries, in his lecture upon color blindness last week at the mee:- ing.in this city of the National. Board of Steam Navigation, pointed out, quite aptly, the results which fo!low from such care- lessness in the fact that color blindness in its various forms would expl.in much of the “tall swearing’? done in cases of collision on the water. He said also that there is at pres- ent one captain so blind that he cannot count a person’s fingers at a distance of ten feet, and yet he sails his ship at night with a little col- ored boy beside him as a lookout, It is about time that this skipper retired from the sea. He may be capable in all other particulars, but his’ semi-blindness makes him wholly incompetent to fill position where good and sound eyesight is a prerequisite of fit- ness. But if this happens in the case of the master, how much oftener will it occur when the man occupies a subordinate pos- ition, say mate or seaman! There is cer- tainly too much liberty in regard to this mat ter and itis time that a thorough system of in- spection of the men of the merchants service should be made. By far the largest number of casualties arise from wholly preventable causes, among which color blindness holds no doubt a prominent place. Given, an element of danger so easily removed, it seems almost criminal on the part. of the Govern- ment not to provide such measures as will prevent men afflicted with color blindness trom being employed as officers and sailors of the merchant service. Itis highly impro- bable that ship owners will as a class adopt such protective measures themselves. ‘They will be able to make objections enough to such a course. But the safety of all those on board a vessel demands some safeguard and as such diverse interests are concerned that the matter is one which really interests the public and it becomes the duty of the Gov- ernment, therefore, to provide the necessary protection against the employment of color blind sailors.— Maritime Register. Portions of the Edith Sewell are still be- ing washed ashore at the head of Wolfe Island. . The propeller Frost, laden with wheat ran aground whilst entering the wharf at the Ogdensburg elevator, Prescott, on Saturday last, owing to the low water, Three barges of the tug Charlotte’s down- ward bound tow, which left. Cornwall Nov. 4 28th, are hard aground three miles bélow Cornwall. ‘They are reported not leaking but will have to be lightered. ‘Their names are William Sienen and Lark. ‘They are owned by the Montreal Forwarding Com- pany. The schooner Augusta ran ashore at Snake Island Friday. Mr. Fallen, in command of the Chieftain, Calvin & Son’s wrecker, pulled her off. Her cargo was timber, 29 pieces of which was lightered into the schooner ‘I’. R. Merritt, at Snake Island. The Augusta is lying at Garden Island.—Aingston News. — WHAT ENGLAND BUYS IN AMERICA. Although the British Empire in. India ex- tends over a territory as large as the conti- nent of Europe, without Russia, having an area of 1,486,319 square miles, and a popu- lation of 240,000,000, its civilized resources are so limited that the people are compelled to send all the way to this country for Swayne’s ointment for itching piles and skin diseases. ‘IVs an ill wind that blows nobody good” for the people are cured of all tormenting itchings, and Dr. Swayne pros- pers. Cost of Grain Elevator it, Marble, an in Elev: r, Oil, Marble, ans The work wont Bop ENGRAVINGS T ting of Vai a ists! 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