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THE MARINE RECORD. 8 RELATING TO BOILER». The cylinder boiler with hemispherical heads was formerly the strongest and simplest type, but as the “se of steam in- creased, and the consumption of fuel per foot pound of work done began to receive serious consideration, engineers quickly perceived that a departure from the simple types was absolutely necessary, and began to study the form which would give best results from the fuel. ‘To some extent this had to be gained at a sacrifice of other im- portant considerations, and there is shown a growing preference for the fire and water. tube types of to-day, and no one can say what the boiler of the fyture will be. Asa rule, the designs that give best economy are the weakest, most expensive to build or re- pair, short-lived, and difficult to examine and clean, and this, for half a century, has baffled engineers and blasted the hopes of many an Inventor. Although we are, in many instances, using steam with great economy. we ure not a great way- ahead ef James Watt in evaporative — efficiency. In marine serviee a iraction of an ounce of caal saved per H.-P. ix ot great importance, hence “the de- sign of boiler and furnace, on sea-going steam vessels, has been well studied by engi- neers. Also, the weight of marine boilers has been decreased, to some extent, by using steel in place of iron, and by simplifying the design. Some entertain a belief that modifi- cation in this direction has been pushed almost to its. ultimatum, and it remains to be seen what engineers wil! do in future, to meet the ever increasing demand for higher steam and higher speed. Many who have boilers in charge do not imagine the foree there is harnessed by the iron shell. A_boller 60 inches diameter, 16 feet in length, having 60 tire tubes 8}¢ inches in diameter, and carrying 100 lbs. pressure per square inch, would be subjected to a total strain of 8.36714 tons. It this force be illustrated by a cast iron block suspended by a wrought iron rod, the sectional ares re- quired would be 1,678.5 inches, and over 46 inches in diameter, to carry the load sately. If the weight on each head was custained by round iron rods of 50,000 1b. tensile strength, and a eafety factor of five was allowed, it would require 29 rods of the size and strength mentioned to carry the load on the head. This kind of theorizing ambdunts to nothing, ‘practically, yet shows whit we may expect when so great a force is in- stantaneously liberated, through failure of the envelope sustaining ir. Many persons have asked what becomes of the water when a boiler explodes, buta momen’’s thought should convince them that the-water is instantly converted into steam, and deals destruction to every one in the vicinity. Preasure ulone is not the only agent that has to be considered. Corrosion, incrustation and deposits can be detected and dealt with, but no one can measure, estimate, or prevent unequal expansion, ex- cept toa limited extent.— Correspondence in Mechanical Engineer. SUCH CROCHETY NOTIONS, The night was dark, cloudy and romantic as he stood under her window at the parental mansion. A rope, choke full of elopement, stretched from the window to the ground. Softly the sash was raised and her angelic form appeared at the casement. “Is everything ready?” she whispered in a third-scene, box-set voice. “Yes, be responded in the same theatrical tones, “Have you the horse and buggy at the corner, a dark lantern, two revolvers, and a double-barreled shotgun ?”? “Yes, yes,” he replied; ranged. Slide down.”’ “And have you hired two men to chase us??? “Why, no; where’s your father ?”” “O, pa won’t take the trouble. you two men engaged ?”” “Why, no. What do you want to be chased for?” “Tf that’s all you know about an elope- ment I’m not going,’ and she shut the window down with a bang and went to bel, while the old man, who was pecking through the first-floor blinds, muttered: ‘Confound such crochety notions; I suppose I’ll have to coal up for another winter.’? everything is ar Have ’t 4 5 Tho most. popular Week! Letele ger nd Q/ devoted to science, mechanics, engineering, is coveries, inventions and patents ever published. Every number illustrated with splendid engravings. This publication, furnishes a most valuable encyclopedia of information which no person should be without, Tho popularity of the ScIENTIFIO AMERIOAN is such that its circulation nearly equals that of all other papers of its class combined. Price, $3.20 a year, Discount to Clubs, Sold by all newsdeaiers, MUNN & CO., Pab- lishora, No. 26 Broadway, No ¥. ATENTS, Usapsses “Seven e Yoars’ Practice bee 7 fore the ravent aie. prepared more than One Hun= red Thougand applications For pat- ents in the United States and foreign countries. Caveats, Trade-Marks, Copy- rights, Assignments, and all other papers for securing to inventors their rights in the United States, Canada, Engla Fra Germany and other foreign countries, prep: at short notice and on reasonable terms. Information as to obtaining patents cheerfully giten without charge. Hand-books of informa- jon'sent free. Patents obtained shrongh Monn & Co, are noticed in tho Scientific American free, Tho advantage of such notice is well understood by ali Persons who wish to Gispoes of their patents. Address MUNN & CO., Office SCIENTIFIC AMERTOAM, 91 Broadway, Now York. BUTTS CORL. COs LIMITED, ] Only Winers ox BUTTS CANNEL COAL, aud dealers in Gas Coals, Nut Coals, and Steam Coal for Tugs, Birges, e.c. CLARK I. BUTTS, ' OLEVELAND. 0. General Manager. ALEX McDOUGHALL, VESSEL AGENT AND BROKER, DULL TEL. Owners and ma ters of vessels wishing to get cargoes of.rain from this port will do well to confer with ine. Will be glad to furnish mformation in regard to car- jogs, wlso in relation to «locks, depth of water, etc., at yaa Agate Ba: (new lron ore port), Port Ar- thur, Wasitburn, Ashland, aud all points near the west end of Lake Sujerior Good gangs of men fur- nished on short notice for rimming cerg.es of grain, loading and unloading all kinds of freight Boat washing and general laun- dry in a few hours. CLEVELAND STEAM LAUNDRY, 109 Water Street. Telephone 118. FOR SALE, Quarter Interest iu the large Tug Samson, One of the most powerful tugs on te lakes. She was built at St. Catherines by Shickluna, rebuilt in 188] and measures 151 [new] tonnage, dhe is straight Aa, with iosurance v lu-tion of $16,000, and can be insured for $19,000, Will sell quarter for $3,400; part cash, bal- unee on easy terms. Address MARINE RECORD. FOR SALE STEAMBARGE MILWAUKEE. Her length is 185 feet, beam 26 feet, and hold. 10 feet 10inehes. Boiler 17 feet loug. 7 feet cliameter; three tues, two 16 inch and one 17-inch. Engine 22x42. Carries 240,000 feet of lumber. Speed, 11 miles light, and’9 1-2 loaded. Insurance valuation, $15,800. Ad- dress MARINE RECORD Uffice, No. 144 Superior street, Cleveland, 0. JAMES T. ROSE, Vessel Agent and Broker, BOX 1616, DULUTH, MINN. Late Gen Ag’t for Collingwood Line of Steamers Special Attention Pald to Chartering Vessels. CAPT. J. W. MILILER. CAPT. R. B. MONTAGUE MILLER & MONTAGUE, DULUTH, MINN. Vessel Brokers and Marine and Fire Insurance Agents, and Board of Trade Weighmen. Svecial attention paid to Charvering Vessels; alo weighing and Trimming cargoes of grain. Qorrespon dence solicited. g H. J. WEBB & CO., Ship Brokers, Vessel Owners and Agents. (ESTABLISHED IN 1856.) i J. Webs & Co., will charter Versels for Lake Trade. ‘ial attention given to Crartering Vessels in the @ Superior Iron Ore Trade, beth for the season and aingle trip, ARCADE BUILDING. 10! ‘ST. CLAIR ST., Cleveland, Ohio. TELEPHONE {Resdence, No. 1328, > STANDARD wx ENGRAVING": SCOTT & BERRIMAN. — Fire and Marine Insurance Agents and Vessel Brokers. Attention also given to the purchase and sale of Iron Or, Telephone, No. 18. Office, 130 South Water-St., Cleveland, O. CO. New Oxlenns. Opening December 1, 1884; Closing May 31, 1886. — UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE — United States Government, $1,300,000, Appropnated by the General Government, $500,000, Contributed by the Citizens of New Orleans. $200,000, Appropriated by Mexico, $100,000, Appropriated by the State of Touisiana, $100,000, Appropriated by the City of New Orleans, From $5000 to $25,000, Appropriated by Innumerable States, Cities and Foreign Countries, Every State and Tarritory in the Union represented, ‘and nearly alithe Leading Nations Countries of the World. Tho Biggest Exhibit. the Biggest Bullding and the Biggest Industrial Event In the World's History. APPLICATIONS FOR RXHINUTS ALREADY RECRIVRD COVER MORK APAOK AND A GREATER VARIRTY OF SUBJROTS THAN THOSE OF ANT RXPOBITION FVER HELD. The cheapest rates of travel ever known in iI] the annala of transportation secured for the people evervw here. rmation, addrest Sa E, A. BURKE, 2 Director General, W. 1..& C.C. E., wy New Ox.Rang, ba, THOS. WILSON MANAGING OWNER a Wilson’s Transit Line. Freight and Vessel Agent. CLEVELAND, 0. PALMER & BENHAM, Vessel Owners & Agents, New Bank Building, corner of Superior and Bank Street, Cleveland, Ohio. MOORE and BARTOW, Ship Brokers and Agents, No. 101 8t. Mair Strast, Room 27. OAPT. D. M. BECKER. CLEVELAND, - OHIO. CAPT, HENKY BROCK D. M. BECKER & CO., Commeroial Brokers and Vessel Agcnts, Vessels chartered, purchased and sold; contracts mado for coarse and heavy freights, Lake Superior and Escanaba iron ore charters for sin- le trip or season a specialty. Ofilce, weliestante Cleveland, 0. ROBERT RAE, Acmiralty and Insurance Law Office, Room 37, Merchants’ building, CHICAGO, ILL. A.M. BARNUM, Vessel Agent and Broker, 15 Exchange dt. Buffalo, N. Y. (rir YOU DO NOT RECEIVE MY MONTHLY LIST OF VESSELS YOR SALE, SEND FOR vr LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN. Commencing Sunday, May 1, 1884, at 12 o’clogk noon the time given in the figures w is the new standard (Ninetieth meridian) time, which is thirty-three min- utes alower than Cleveland time proper: Gen. Forwarder. No 4, Fast Limfted Express, No8 N Y,B& A* Pxpress,, No 26, Elyria Accommédatior No 35, Buffalo Actm via Si No 35, Toledo Accom via Norwa! No 12, N Y & B Fast Express. No 14, Special N Y & Bos Expres No 2, Night Ex via Norwal No 22, Night Ex via sandué t9 No 26, Conneaut Accommodation {4 26 pM Westward. SA Rast Lamitdd Ex toh xpress vit Sei No 3, Otricugo Express via No 2%, Mich Accom Norwatk.. No 21, Toledo Ex via Norw No 5, S$ Louis Ex via Sandusk No 9,Chi Pac Fx via Norwalk. No 41, Plyria ac to Elyria only No 27. Conneaut Accommodation Sunday train for Nottingham-- Depart 8:30 a, m and 1:45 p. m.; returning, leave Nottingham at 9:05 a. m, sud 8:45 p. ia At 2 Reference marks—* Da’ dally, except 8 ddaity, except Monday. 2? * aally, Ee suades For full information as to trains and pe at the new city ticket office, corner Mair sheets, Lake Shore block, | counections ap- Seneca and 8t. } The Nickel Plate! NEW YORK, CHICAGO & ST. LOUIS BAILWAY. The passenger equipment of this New Trunk Line is all new and is supplied with the latest appliances necessary to safe speedy and comfortable travel, Trains leave and ariive at the Unian Depot, Van Buren street, Chicago, and N Y, LE & W R’y depot at Buffalo. Follpwing is the time in effect Oct. 6, 1884, and une til further notice: GOING EAsT./LV. AR (GOING WHSa@. .M. 50}. -Chicago 45)... ‘alparaiso. My 1 50} . -Fort Wayne 2 05) .. ..New Haven, 3 56]. .-Leipsic, 4 49).. Arcadia. =a P.M 5 00}. -Fostoria....... 8 50 5 45 8 0 6 20)... 1% 9 02) 501 844 252 2 20 123 aM. 11 24 a. M. 9 50 sale at prine offices of the company at LOWEST RATES for an of tickets desired. Buggage checked to destination For information, call on nearest agent of the Come pany, or address B. F. STORNER, Gen’! Passenger Agent, LEVIS WILLIAMS, ; General Manager. Cleveland, 0, BEE LINE CLEVELAND, COLUMBUS, CINCINNATI & INDIe ANAPOLIS, Commencing Sunday, November 23, 1884, trains of the Bee Line—Cleveland, ‘Columbus, Cincinnati & Indien- apolis Kailway —will leave and arrive at Clevelan‘i as follows, CENTRAL STANDARD TIME, 33 minutes slower than Cleveland time: No. 3, Columbus, Cincinnati & Ind E; 00 AM No. 23, Galion. & Wheeling Express. 6:50 A M No. 9, Col., Cin:, Ind & St. Louis Ex. %6:50 PM No, 5, Col. Cin., Ind. & St. Louis Express.../*12 25 P M No. 24, Galion & C.L & W. Ace... 3:30 PM No. 29, Massillon & Ulrichsville Bx, 4.30 PM Arnye. No. 8, Sol, Cin, ind, & St. Louis Exp. Gs No. 20, Uhriesville & Massil Ex.. P sae a No, 2, Col. Cin. & Indfanapolis Express. 9:50 P ¥ No, 14, Sf. Louis, Int.. Cin. & Col. Ex 4945 PM No. 22, Gablion Acc., 9:20 A M No, 26. Wheeling Acco 4:15 PM No. 4, Col., Cin. fx. . press... 1 1N6 AM Traibs marked © , a8 other ats a Bunday uf ie E.B. THOMAS, 0. B. SKINNER, enera: anager. Ta) Mi a A. SMITH, General Passe: CLEVELAND, OHIO. eT Agent. New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio R. R. NEW YORK, BOSTON AND THE EAST, ——————— The Shortest and Quickest Route to Pitts- burg, Washington and Baltimore and the Southeast, Central or Ninetieth Meridien time, 83 min eotuen Cleveland, city time. aaa ntil further notice trains will leave from th Central Depot, South Water street and Viaduct as fole lows: ATLANTIC EXPRESS—(Daily 7.20 a, i. man sleeping and hotel conthes hom Leavittsburgh 9:10 a.m. to New York, Albany and Boston without change. Arrive at Meadville at,11:25 a. m. (dinner) Franklin at 12:08 p. m, Oil City 1480p. m; Corry 1.14 p.m, Jamestown (Lake Chautauq 2.12 p. my nee p.m Rochester 8:20 p. m5 ee le p. m. [supper]; Corn! 7:25 p.m. Elmiga . 1. Binghanton 10:05 p. m., Albany 5:00 a. m, Boe B05 p-m.; arriving at New York 6;15 a.m. 7°90 q PITTSBURGH EXPRESS — Daily — 140 4, Ill, Through without chauge. arr? at Youngstown 9..55 a.m., Sharon.10:55 a. m,. Stlarps- ville 11:05 a.m., Pitisburgh 1245p m. 2°30 0 ml LEMITED EXPRESS “inno ugh Pull- 1 ' . sleeping coach fro Now York. Arrives at Mead Oran to ville at 6:30 p. m town 8:47 p. m., Salamanca 9:45 Pp. m.. 10:25 a. m. : » James- New York PITTSBURGH, WASHINGTON . 2:30 D.. BALTIMORE BXPR&SS—Dall The without change, Arrives at Youngstown Pp. m. Hy Gburg 8100p. m., Washington 7:09 a. m., Baltdmore 1 i a.m. A MAHONING AOMMODATI _ 4°00 D. Il, stopping BY all way stationa, HES lie at ‘oungs.own 6:55 p. m., Sharon 7: . m., 8:00 p.m. “Daily excopt Sundae. rare ' v EXPRESS— (Dail 11:00 ). I. Sunday) Seeping coach om Clevel f to Horneilsville, Arrive at Méadville 3:25 a. m., Corry 4:59 a. m, Jamestown 5,57 a m, Salamanca at7.1C a.m Buffalo 9:20 a. m., Niagara Falls 1.1.50 a m., Rochester 12:58 p me Borbeders He 11:00 a m_, Corning 12:07 Pp. m, Elmira 12:40 p. m, : Sea ntaey me . Sues te 2:19p m,, New ITTSRBURGH, WASHINGT. 1100 D, I, Bartimore ‘express Sowa Sleeping Coach, Clevela: d to Pittsburg without change Arrive at Youngstown at 9:00 a. m., Pittsburgh 5:85 8,].m., Washington at 7.30 p ™, Baltimore at 830 pm rains arrive at Cleveland. %:20 a, m, 10:08 p. m : Figae This ie the ony read an 3 isthe only route by which passe rench (por, Binire, Binghampton, Now York city a ntermediate points without ch . to Boston and New England Cities, pats Semoes Baggage checked yirongh to all points Fast Through tickets and information regardin, sonte cen be obtained ac the office 13] Bank atreot, at new Depot of N. Y. ORR. and Viaduet, Cleveland, 0. eae +E. CLA Gen’! Pass’r Ag't Clevelai )e J.M FERRIS, Gen'l Man’gr, Cleveland Or M. L, FOUTS, Passenger Agt, 131 Bank St. Cleveland. FOR SALE, A Fine Harbor Tug, Dimensions of hulk 65 fect over all 16 fe, feet hog, and measures 46 tons with 7 feet a eee made 6 foot draft. The engine, 14x20, is In fitstcclnes condition, with all new br sses, new rings in cylinder and turns a six-foot wheel, which was new last cease Tho boiler is one year ol, is large enough to ber wood or coal and is aHowed 100 pou nds of steam. Pricg $4,500, angl must be sold inst Marine Reconp OFricn, eat thivty Gays, “Actress the and street