An Unequal Clash: The Lake Seamen’s Union, the Lake Carriers’ Association, and the Great Lakes Strike of 1909, Spring 2018, p. 119

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An Unequal Clash An Unequal Clash: The Lake Seamen's Union, the Lake Carriers' Association, and the Great Lakes Strike of 1909 Matthew Lawrence Daley La grève des Grands Lacs de 1909 a été le point culminant d'une lutte de plusieurs décennies entre les marins syndiqués et la Lake Carriers' Association. Les syndicats maritimes s'étaient efforcés de résoudre les problèmes d'identité, d'autorité et de solidarité depuis les années 1870. À la suite d'une défaite face aux travailleurs en 1901, les propriétaires de navires ont transformé leur association informelle en fédération capable de mettre en œuvre des politiques uniformes pour l'ensemble de ses membres. La défaite des travailleurs lors de la grève de 1909 est née de trois grèves précédentes (1901 à 1906); ensemble, ces conflits ont transformé l'industrie des Grands Lacs et permis aux marins de jouer un rôle dans le système industriel désormais transformé en société. The Great Lakes Strike of 1909 drew together all the factors that had been transforming the Lakes maritime industry during the prior two decades and produced a reshaped environment where sailors operated as components within a fully integrated industrial system. The strike stood as a breaking point between two eras, that of the independent and skills-based sailors as defined by sailing ships and small companies, and the corporate world of steel ships and intensive bulk freight commodity transportation. For vessel owners these same changes had shifted the industry into a high-volume, low-margin operation tied to expensive specialized equipment. Understanding the 1909 strike requires reviewing events and decisions that began years earlier. This examination can be framed around the series of questions. How did tensions between traditional and new steam sailors foster divisions that would undermine union solidarity? How did the emerging Lake Carriers' The Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord, XVIII, No. 2 (Spring 2018), 119-38

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